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An proxy, also called the software for proxy servers, serves as an intermediary between the server and client on the internet. In the absence of proxies, a user could send a request to the service directly from a server, and the server would then serve the resource directly at the requester's. Although this method is easy to understand and implement but using proxies provides advantages such as increased performance as well as privacy, security and more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy functions as a guardian for the internet between clients and servers.




Generally speaking, the mix of hardware for servers with proxy software is commonly referred too as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies that are traditionally classified as software in the context of web servers. This article will provide the full description of two types: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type of proxy has its own situation, and it is frequently confused due to the same terms.




This article will give you information about what proxy services and subtypes, as well as how they function in a variety of configurations. Through this article, you'll be able to recognize the instances where using proxies can be beneficial, and choose the most appropriate solution for reverse or forward proxy for any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to the open proxy acts as a representative for a customer who needs to send a request via the internet to the server which originated it. In this scenario the entire attempt to send requests from the user will be sent through the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting as a substitute for the client, will look into the request. Then, it determines whether this client has the right to send requests using this specific forward proxy. It will then decide whether to deny any request or to forward it to the server that originated it. The client has no direct connection directly to internet. It can access only the content that the forward proxy allows the client to connect.




A popular use for forward proxies is greater privacy and security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy allows access to the internet in place of a client. in this way it may make use of an IP address that is different from the original IP address of the client.




Based on the way it has been configured, based on the way it is configured forward proxy can provide you with different features based the way it's configured, which allows you to:




Don't be a victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


Recognize the restrictions based on your location.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems that are centralised as well as permission-based access for instance, such as at work. When all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy an administrator can grant only a few clients online access filtered through the firewall. Instead of creating firewalls on the server layer, that could include a variety of machines that have different environments and types of users. A firewall may be installed in this forward proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be manually setup in order to be used, whereas reverse proxies can not be detected by the user. Depending on the type of the IP address of a user is transferred to the server that is originally via forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or denied.




There are numerous alternatives to look into for forward proxies.




Apache A well-known open source web server, which offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source web server with capability to use forward proxy.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer the entire web server. We have an article about the best method to build a Squid proxy to connect privately within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is forward proxy which makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP making it more suitable for use instances such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a representative of the web server which manages incoming requests from clients on its behalf. The web server may include a server, or multiple servers. Also, it could become an application-server like Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request will originate from the web in general. In the majority of cases your request is transmitted directly to a web server with the resources that the user is seeking. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, isolating the webserver from direct communications with the open internet.




From the viewpoint of a user, the experience of interacting with a reverse proxy is no different from communicating with an internet server directly. It's basically the same, but the client is unable to discern the difference. The client makes a request for an item and receives it, without any additional configuration required from the client.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




Centralized security for web servers.


The direction of traffic coming in by implementing rules that you establish.


New feature added to caching.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy providers provide this benefit only to the layer that is the webserver and not clients. instead of the maintenance of firewalls in the layer of web servers that could include multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk protection of firewalls is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients off of web servers enables them to focus solely on addressing the requirements of their clients.




In the event of multiple servers using reverse-proxies, the reverse proxy can also handle the direction in which requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers may be operating within the same system, providing various kinds of resources or a mix of the two. They can utilize the HTTP protocol just like a conventional web server, but they can also be equipped with applications server protocols, like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy to direct visitors to specific servers based on the services required, or to specific rules pertaining to the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies also gain by their position over web servers by providing the ability to cache. Massive static files can be configured using caching rules to prevent needing to connect with web servers each time you request. Some solutions allowing you to directly serve static assets without having to interact with the webserver at all. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions are able to handle compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as an extremely popular reverse proxy solution. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy service however, the Apache web server also has reverse proxy functions, but it's a distinct feature to Apache unlike Nginx was designed initially to and focuses specifically on reverse proxy features.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use



Since "forward" and "reverse" are ascribed to the notion of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing since the two types of proxies deal with requests and responses. The best method to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy providers is to take into account the needs of the application that you are developing.




Reverse proxy can be useful in the development of a solution to provide web-based applications over the internet. They serve as your web servers for any interaction you make on the web.




Forward proxy is useful when placed before users for personal use, or even in the workplace. They are a representation of your client's activity whenever you interact on the internet.




Separating by use case rather than focusing solely on the most common naming conventions will ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article explains the meaning of a proxy with the two major kinds, namely reverse proxy and forward proxy. Examples of practical use as well as a review of the advantageous features were used to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the benefits of proxies, you should read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy in Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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