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proxy is also referred to as a proxy is commonly referred to for its role as a proxy server software that acts acting as an intermediary between server and client on the internet. Without the use of proxy, a user would make a request any resource directly to the server and then the server would deliver the requested resource directly to the user. This method is simple to understand and use, however, the addition of proxy servers could provide advantages in terms of better speed, privacy and security, among other things. Apart from adding a layer of protection, a proxy acts as a security guard for the internet between users and servers.




The bundle of server hardware with the software for proxy installation is also commonly referred to as a proxy server. For this post, we will concentrate on proxies that are typically classified as software and within the context of web servers. You will get a breakdown of the two principal kinds of proxies: that is the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type of proxy has its own unique usage scenario that is often confused due to the overlap in names.




This article will provide you with the knowledge of what proxies and their subtypes are and the ways they can be beneficial in a range of configurations. In this guide, you'll be able to discern the scenarios where a proxy is beneficial, and decide on the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy depending on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, also known as open proxy. An open proxy is a proxy for a user trying to send a request through the internet to a source server. In this case, every attempt to send requests made by the client will instead be handled by an forward proxy. The forward proxy, in place of the client is able to examine the request. It will first determine if the client has been authorized to accept requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then either deny requests or redirect it to the server that originated it. It's not able directly connect to the internet. It only has access to what forward proxy allows it to access.




A typical use of forward proxy is the need for more privacy or security while using the internet. The forward proxy is connected to the web as a user in this process, it uses an alternative IP address in addition to the IP address of your client.




Depending on how it has been configured based on the configuration, forward proxy may provide a variety of functions, allowing users to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can spot limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide central security and access through permissions, such as at work. All internet traffic can pass via an open forward proxy, administrators are able to grant access to a specific group of individuals to access the web, and this is blocked by the typical firewall. Instead of having firewalls at clients, this can be used by several computer systems with different types of environments and users A firewall can be found in this forward proxy layer.




Take note that forward proxies have to be manually setup to allow the use of them, but reverse proxy servers will not be detected by the user. Based on the fact that the IP address of a client is sent to the origin server via forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or hidden.




There are a variety of alternatives to think about when considering forward proxy services.




Apache is a well-known open-source webserver that provides forward proxy features.


Nginx is another well-known open-source web server with forward proxy functionality.


Squid: A free and Open Source Forward Proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not part of the complete web server. There is a step-bystep guide to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP, making it more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer traffic. You could also examine how to set up a Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is an intermediary to a web server, handling incoming requests from clients in its place. It can be used as a single server or multiple servers. Additionally, it can contain an application server like Gunicorn. It is possible to get the request of a customer through the internet at large. Most of the time, the request would be directed directly to the website server hosting the data the client wants. Instead, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary that blocks your web server from communication with the internet's users.




From the point of view that is an individual's view, interacting via reverse proxy isn't any distinct from the interaction with the server in its own. It's functionally identical to Web server and client cannot tell the difference. The client can request the resource and is then provided with it, with no further configuration from the user.




Reverse proxies grant features like:




Security centralized to web server.


Directing incoming traffic by using rules that you make.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




Although centralized security is a benefit for both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this for servers on the internet, but not the layer of clients. instead of having firewalls installed at the web servers which might include multiple servers that have different configurations, most of firewall security is concentrated on the layer of reverse proxy. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of interfacing with a firewall and interacting with requests from clients that do not use web servers allows them to focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers hosted by reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also determines which requests go on which server. Multiple web servers could be providing the exact identical service, however each having different resources, or perhaps a mix of the two. They can utilize the HTTP protocol similar to traditional web servers however, they could also be outfitted with applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can set up a reverse proxy to direct users to specific servers depending on the resource requested, or to observe certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxy systems can also benefit from their positioning on top of web servers through caching capabilities. Large static assets can be configured using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers every time you request. Some applications allow you to serve static content directly without connecting to the web server in any way. Furthermore the reverse proxy is able to compress these files.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a popular reverse proxy service. While it's true that the Apache web server does have reverse proxy feature, it's an additional option. Apache and not the default option. Nginx was initially designed focus on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use - Situations



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality and misleading comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic. These terms can be confusing since both kinds of proxies handle both requests and replies. An alternative approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to think about the requirements of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy is an essential feature when building an infrastructure to connect web-based applications to the internet. They serve as your web servers during any interaction with the internet.




Forward proxy applications are useful when they are put in front of customers for personal use or in a workplace. They represent your client's traffic when you use the internet.




The use case-based differentiation rather than focusing exclusively on naming conventions that are commonplace will help you not be confused.



Conclusion



This article defined what an "proxy" is and the two primary types of them being the forward and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the beneficial features was utilized to distinguish between forward proxy from reverse proxy. If you're interested exploring how to use proxies, read our guide on how to configure Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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