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The phrase "proxy" refers to proxy servers. A proxy or proxy server is software that serves as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, a user could make a request for the server directly and the server will provide an answer directly for the requester. Although this approach is simple to understand and implement with proxy servers, it does offer advantages in terms of improved performance, privacy, security, and many more. In addition, a passing through, proxies serve as a security safeguard for the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the combined mix of hardware for servers as well as proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically described as software as well as when referring to web servers. This article will give an explanation of the two primary types: that is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage scenario, which is often confused due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will provide the understanding of what subtypes and proxies can do and how they do in the common configurations. After having read this article, you'll be able identify situations in which the use of proxy servers is advantageous, and then choose the most appropriate option between forward and reverse proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also referred to as an open proxy is an agent for a user who is seeking to make an online request to an source server. In this case the entire process of sending requests from the client is routed through an forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in place of the client will review the request. It first decides if the client is authorized to submit requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then reject requests or redirect it to the original server. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet. It can access only the information that forward proxy enables it to connect to.




The most popular reason to utilize forward proxy is the need for greater privacy or security online. A forward proxy links to internet, not the client and, in this manner, it utilizes an IP address different from the IP address that the user is using.




Based on the way it has been configured, the forward proxy will provide many functions, based upon the way it's configured and lets you:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your area.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide security centrally and access based on permissions such as in workplaces. If all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy, an administrator is able to restrict access to a limited number of users to the internet. This is then filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls at this layer of clients that could include multiple devices with different settings and users the firewall can be set up at the layer which forwards proxy traffic.




It is important to be aware of the fact that forward proxy servers require manual configuration to be used, while reverse proxies may be ignored in the eyes of the user. Depending on the type of the IP address that a user is transmitted to the server that originated it by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or hidden.




There are a variety of alternatives to think about when considering forward proxy choices:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server, which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another well-known open-source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It isn't part of the complete web server system. We have a tutorial on how to install Squid proxy to allow private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer communication. You can also understand how to set up Dante proxy to allow private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an agent for a server on the internet that manages requests from users on behalf of. The web server may comprise a single server, or even multiple servers. It may also act for application servers like Gunicorn. The request will be made via the internet in general. In the majority of cases requests will then be sent direct to a server hosting the content that the user is looking for. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, detaching the webserver from direct interaction with the open internet.




From the viewpoint of a user, the experience of interacting with reverse proxy isn't any different from interacting with your website server directly. It's basically the same however the client is unable to recognize the difference. The client sends an order for an item and gets it, with no additional configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Security centralized to web server.


It is the direction in which traffic incoming based on rules that you set up.


The caching functionality has been added to the app.




Although central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this benefit to only the server layer, and not the layer of clients. Instead of having to maintain firewalls on the web server layer, which could contain several servers with different configurations, the majority protection of the firewall is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of dealing with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients without web servers allows them to focus on meeting the requirements of their customers.




In the event that there's a multitude of servers running as a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests are directed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers providing the exact same service, but each offering different kinds of resources or a mixture of both. They may use their HTTP protocol to serve as a standard web server, but they can also be equipped with protocols for application servers like FastCGI. There is the possibility to configure reverse proxy services that redirects users to certain servers based on the request for resource, or to conform to certain rules regarding the volume of traffic.




Reverse proxies also benefit from their position over web servers, by providing the capability to store information. Massive static resources can be set up using caching rules to prevent from hitting web servers with each request. Certain solutions allow you to deliver static files without needing to connect to a website server at all. Additionally, reverse proxy is able to compress these files.




The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a well-known reverse proxy option. Although Apache can also be regarded as a reverse proxy solution, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server has a reverse proxy capability as an extra option for Apache and Nginx was originally designed and focuses on the reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" and "reverse" are often associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic could be confusing since both types of proxies deal with the process of responding to requests. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to examine the requirements of the app you're creating.




A reverse proxy can be beneficial in the creation of a solution to provide web-based applications on the internet. They act as your web server when you interact on the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when it is placed before clients for personal use, or even in a working environment. Forward proxy is a representation of the client's activity whenever you connect to the internet.




The use case-based distinction rather than using the most common naming conventions can help in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the meaning of a proxy with the two types of proxy of proxy: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical examples of use and a discussion of the most beneficial features were used to distinguish between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the use for proxy servers you can learn how to set up Nginx as an internet proxy and reverse proxy for Apache on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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