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An proxy, also called a proxy server. It is program acting as an intermediary client and server over the internet. Without proxy servers, a user would send a request for resources directly to a server and it would deliver the resource directly for the client. Although this method is easy to grasp and implement however, adding proxy servers could bring benefits like increased performance, privacy, security, and more. In addition to providing passing through, the proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




Generally speaking, the bundled system of server hardware coupled with the software for proxy installation is commonly described as a proxy server. This article will focus on proxies typically described as software as well as in relation to web servers. The article will provide a detailed discussion of the two main types of proxies, the other being forward proxy and the other being a forward proxy and the reverse. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own specific application and is often confused due to the resemblance of namesake convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxies and subtypes are in terms of their importance for the common setups. If you've read this article, you'll be able to recognize situations where using proxies can be advantageous and choose the best choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy based on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also known in the context of the open proxy is the agent of a client who wishes to make an internet-based request to an the server which originated it. In this case, all attempts to send requests from the client's side will be routed to the forward proxy. Forward proxy in place of the client will review the request. The first step is to find out if the client is authorized to accept requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then reject any request, or send it to the origin server. The client is not able to have direct connection to the internet It can only access what forward proxy permits it to access.




The primary reason for people to utilize forward proxies is increased privacy or anonymity online. Forward proxy's access to the internet through clients and in this way, it could make use of an IP address that is distinct from the original IP of the client.




Depending on how it's been configured, forward proxy will grant a number of features as well as the ability to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your area.




Forward proxies also are utilized in systems that provide centralized security as well as access to users based on permissions, for instance at work. All internet traffic can pass through a forward proxy Administrators are able to allow only specific clients access to the internet using a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer, which may include multiple computers with varying settings and users and environments A firewall could be put in an forward proxy layer.




It is important to remember to set forward proxy preferences have to be manually setup to allow the forward proxy to function in order to be used and reverse proxies are able to not be noticed by the user. Based on whether or not the IP address of the user is sent to the origin server through the forward proxy, the privacy and security may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many options to consider for forward proxy alternatives:




Apache An open source well-known web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx Another well-known open-source web hosting server with forward proxy functions.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server system. We recommend our article on the most efficient method to set up Squid proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it more suited to cases like peer-to-peer traffic. You can also learn how to configure Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server, and is able to handle requests from customers for the web server. The web server may serve as a one server or multiple servers. In addition, it could serve as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any event, the request for an application comes through the internet. Most of the time, the request will directly go to the web server that hosts the information that the user is searching for. Reverse proxy, however, serves as an intermediary to isolate your website server from communication via the web's public.




From the perspective of a user's perspective, using reverse proxy isn't any different than interacting with the web server directly. It is functionally similar, however the client cannot tell the difference. The client requests an item and receives it, without any extra configuration required for the end user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The web server is secured centrally.


Sending traffic to be directed in accordance with the rules you have set.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this only for only the server layer, but not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on Web server layers that may include multiple servers with different configurations, the majority protection of the firewall is aimed to the reverse proxy layer. In addition, taking the burden of interfacing with a firewall and interacting with clients' requests off of web servers allows them to concentrate on serving the resources.




If there are multiple servers with a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy will be also accountable for deciding which requests are routed to the server. There could be multiple web servers operating within the server each serving various kinds of resources, or a mixture of both. These servers could use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server. They may also use protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy settings to redirect the clients towards specific servers depending on the service being requested, or to observe certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their position over web servers with the help of caching. Massive static resources can be configured with caching rules in order to avoid getting into web servers for every request. Some solutions even allowing you to provide static files directly without connecting to the web server in any way. Additionally, reverse proxy can handle compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx webserver is a wildly popular reverse proxy option. While it's not a reverse proxy, the Apache web server comes equipped with reverse proxy option as an additional feature that is available for Apache whereas Nginx was originally designed to and is specifically focused on reverse proxy functions.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" along with "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality as well as misleading comparisons with "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic. These labels can be confusing, since both types of proxy servers can respond to requests and responses. Another method of separating between forward and reverse proxy servers is to analyze the specifications of the software you're creating.




Reverse proxy can be a valuable tool when you are developing a solution to serve applications that are on the web. They represent your web servers in any interaction with the Internet.




Forward proxy is a great tool to use if you're facing clients for personal usage or in a work environment. They are a representation of your traffic when you interact with the internet.




A distinction that is based on the use cases instead of using the standard name conventions can aid you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained what a proxy is along with two types being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of its use as well as a discussion of most effective features were utilized to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning the ways to use proxies, we recommend you read our guide on how to set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server using Apache running the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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