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The term "proxy" refers to the term "proxy" which refers to proxy as well as a proxy server which is a server application which acts in the role of an intermediary client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a user could send a request for resources straight to servers while the server will then provide the resource directly back for the client. This method is simple to comprehend and utilize, using proxies has benefits like improved performance as well as privacy, security and more. In addition to providing a pass-through layer, the proxy functions as a security safeguard for the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the bundled combination of hardware and software for servers coupled with installed proxy software is often referred to as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on the types of proxies that are typically thought to be software, and specifically, in relation to web servers. The article will provide an explanation of two types that are available, including a forward proxy and the other a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a distinct use case, often confused because of the similar terminology.




This article will provide the information on the types of proxy and what their subtypes are and the way they work with a range of configurations. In this guide, you'll be able to identify situations in which a proxy is beneficial, and decide on the right choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy, in any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, also referred to as an open proxy, is a means of intermediary to allow a user to make a connection via the internet to a source server. In this case, the entire effort to send requests made by the user is made via the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting on behalf of the client, will look into the request. In the beginning, it will decide if this client can accept requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then deny requests or redirect them to the server that originated it. The client is not capable of having an internet connection directly. It is only able to access what the forward proxy permits it to access.




The most common reason for using forward proxy services is to obtain more privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy accesses the internet using the user and, in doing so, it may use an alternative IP address in addition to the initial IP address of the client.




Based on how it's been configured according to the configuration forward proxy may offer a range of features and allow you to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your geolocation.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems of centralized security as well as permission-based access, such as in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows via an open forward proxy, an administrator can grant access only to a select group of individuals to access the web. This is then filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls on the layer of clients, which can be used by several computer systems with different configurations and users and environment, the firewall may be added to the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxies must be manually configured for use and reverse proxies can not be noticed by the user. Depending on the type IP address of a client is transmitted to the server from where it came from by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are many options to consider forward proxy options:




Apache An open-source, well-known web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another well-known open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open source forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server system. It is possible to refer to our step-by-step instructions to install Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it more appropriate for situations like peer-topeer traffic. You might also want to know how to setup the Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary to web servers, which handles the incoming requests of customers on its behalf. The web server could function as a one server, or a number of servers. It could also serve in the role of an application server such as Gunicorn. In any case the request will be made through the internet in general. Most often the request would go directly to the server and include the information the user wants. The reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, protecting the server from direct contact via the web's public.




From the consumer's point view the experience of interacting using reverse proxy isn't much different from working with the server by itself. It's exactly the same thing, however the client isn't able to tell the distinction. The client is able to make a request for the resource and it is then provided with it, with no additional configuration needed on the part of the client.




Reverse proxy providers offer services such as:




Centralized security for the web server layer.


Incoming traffic is directed by rules you have set.


The caching feature has been added to the app.




While centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxies, reverse proxies provide this feature for the Web server layer but not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on Web server layers which may contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of the firewall security is concentrated at the reverse proxy layer. In addition eliminating the responsibility of working with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients outside of web servers lets them focus on delivering the needs of their clients.




If there are multiple servers running through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy also is responsible for directing the requests to which server. There may be many web servers providing the exact same service, all offering different types of resource or a mixture of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol to function as a traditional web server. However, they could also include application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can configure reverse proxy servers to redirect users to a specific server based on the service being requested or to follow certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also have the ability to benefit from their position ahead of web servers, offering the capability to store data. The large static files can be set with caching rules to ensure that they avoid Web servers from getting hit on every request. Some solutions allowing you to provide static files directly and without having to connect with the server. Additionally the reverse proxy can be able to handle compression of these files.




The well-known Nginx web server can also be an effective reverse proxy solution. Although it, Apache web server as reverse proxy capabilities, it is an additional option to Apache however Nginx was designed originally for and is focused specifically on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating the use of reverse and forward proxy Cases



Since "forward" or "reverse" have connotations of directionality, as well as false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels could be confusing because both kinds of proxy can handle both requests and responses. An alternative method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy is beneficial when designing an application to run web-based applications via the internet. They are your web servers for all interactions over the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when placed in front of customers either for your personal use or within a corporate environment. They are a representation of the customer's data every time you use the internet.




Differentiating by case of use instead of focusing on common naming conventions can assist you in making sure that there is no confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the purpose of a proxy having two types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Examples of practical use along with an examination of beneficial characteristics were used to determine the two types of proxies: forward and reverse. If you're keen to know more about the possibilities of proxies, we recommend you read our guide on how you can install Nginx for use as a web server as well as reverse proxy in Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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