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"proxy" refers to a software "proxy" is a reference to the notion of a proxy often referred to as proxy servers are software that serves in the role of intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without the use of a proxy, users can send a request for an online server, and the server will serve the requested resource directly to the user. While this approach is straightforward to understand and use, proxies can provide benefits such as increased performance as well as security and privacy and so on. As a pass-through layer, the proxy functions as a guardian for the internet between clients and servers.




It is generally accepted that the combination of server hardware coupled with the software to install proxy servers is usually known as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are usually classified as software, but specifically with respect to servers for web. We will provide a brief overview of the two primary types of proxy servers: the reverse proxy as well as a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own use case, and is often misunderstood due to the overlapping terms.




This article will give you an idea of the what proxies as well as their subtypes are and the ways they can be useful in a range of configurations. If you read this article, you'll discover instances where the use of proxies is advantageous, and determine the best alternative between forward proxy and reverse proxy for a particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy is also known as an open proxy is the representative of the client who is trying to send an internet request to a server that is the source. In this case every attempt to send a request by the user will be made through forward proxy. The forward proxy, taking place of the user examines the request. It will then determine whether the client is allowed to send requests via this specific forward proxy. It will then orally reject a request and send it back to its server that originated the request. The client is not able to establish a direct connection with the Internet. It can only reach what forward proxy allows it to connect to.




The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is to improve security or privacy when surfing the internet. A forward proxy is able to connect to the internet, instead of a client, and in this process, it uses an IP address that is different from the IP address used by the client.




Depending on how it's configured, and how it's configured forward proxy could offer a variety of features and allow you to:




Beware of ads-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your geographical area.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems that are centralized and have access dependent on permissions, for instance in a workplace. If all internet traffic goes through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator could limit access for just a small number of users to the internet that is then filtered through a common firewall. Instead of creating firewalls for the client layer, that can be utilized by multiple computers with different kinds of environments, you can set up a firewall located at the forward proxy layer.




It is important to note that forward proxies need to be configured manually for use before they can be used, whereas reverse proxies can remain unnoticed by clients. Based on whether or not an IP address belonging to the user is relayed to an origin server through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity are granted or denied.




There are a variety of possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxy services.




Apache An open source, well-known web server that comes with forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another widely-used open-source webserver that includes forward proxy features.


Squid: A free forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It's not included with the complete web server. Learn more about how to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections to Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP which is more appropriate for situations like peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to know how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an agent for a web server which processes requests from customers on behalf of. It could represent one or more servers. Additionally, it could be an application server, like Gunicorn. In either scenario the request will be made through the internet generally. In most cases, the request is directed directly to the web server hosting the information the user is in need of. Instead, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, and separates Web servers from any direct contact with the web's public.




From the perspective of the individual client's viewpoint, the process of using reverse proxy isn't any different from interacting with the server on its own. It's the exact same thing, however the client can't be able to discern the distinction. The client requests the resource, and then receives it, with no extra configuration needed from the user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




The server for the web is secure centrally.


Traffic coming into your site is routed according to the rules you establish.


A new feature for caching has been added.




While centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers. Reverse proxy providers offer this feature to only the server layer and not the client layer. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls at the server layer which could contain multiple servers with various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated at the reverse proxy level. In addition, removing the burden of interacting with firewalls and interacting to client requests off web servers allows firewalls to focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.




When there is a multitude of servers being hosted within a reverse proxy the reverse proxy is also accountable for the way requests are routed to which server. There could be multiple web servers providing the exact same service, but offering different kinds of resources, or a combination of both. They may employ their HTTP protocol to perform the role of a standard web server, however, they may also incorporate protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy settings to send users to specific servers depending on the resource requested, or to adhere to certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also gain by their positioning prior to web servers by offering caching capabilities. Large static assets can be set with caching rules in order to ensure that web servers are not hit each time you request. There are solutions that permit users to serve static assets without connecting directly to web servers in any form. Furthermore, the reverse proxy is able to compress these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server can also function as a powerful reverse proxy option. Even though Apache has a reverse proxy solution it is not the only one. Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy function that is an additional feature available to Apache However, Nginx was originally designed specifically for reverse proxy features.



The difference is between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" and "reverse" come with connotations of directionality, and false analogies to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing since both types of proxies handle the processing of requests and replies. A better approach to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the specifications of the application that you're creating.




Reverse proxy can be useful when you are developing an application that connects web applications to the internet. They are your web servers whenever you use the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are used in front of customers for your own usage or in an office setting. They serve as the proxy for your client for interactions on the internet.




The ability to differentiate by the use of case instead of focusing on the common naming conventions will help you avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is and provides two types: forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of use and a brief overview of advantageous features were used to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're looking to know more about the use of proxy servers, read our guide on how to configure Nginx as reverse proxy with Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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