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A proxy is also known as the software for proxy servers, serves in the role of an intermediary server and client on the internet. With no proxy in place, a user could make a request an online resource directly to a server and the server could serve the resource directly for the client. Although this method is easy to grasp and implement, the addition of proxies can bring benefits like improved performance and security, privacy, and much more. As an additional pass-through layer the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the combined mix of hardware for servers and installed proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies that are traditionally defined as software, and specifically in relation to web servers. This article will give an in-depth breakdown of two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type of proxy has its own situation, and it is frequently not understood due to the similar terms.




This article will give you details about what proxy services and their subtypes, as well as the way they work in a variety of configurations. After reading this article, you'll be able to recognize the situations in which using proxy services is beneficial, and choose the best option between reverse and forward proxy depending on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, sometimes referred to as an open proxy acts as a representative for a client who wants to send an internet request to an the server that made it. In this case, the entire process of sending requests by the user will instead be transmitted via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in place of the client will take a look into the request. It will then determine whether this user is authorised to send requests through this specific forward proxy. It then decides whether to deny any request or forward it to the server that originated it. The client does not have direct access to the internet. It is able to access only the information that forward proxy permits it to access.




A popular use for forward proxies is greater privacy and security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet in place of a client, and in this way it can utilize an alternative IP address to the IP address used by the client.




Based on the way it has been configured depending on how it is configured, forward proxy may offer you a variety of features based the way it's configured and enables you to:




Do not be a victim of ad trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Recognize restrictions based on location.




Forward proxies can also be used to secure systems that are centralised as well as permission-based access for instance, such as at work. If all internet traffic flows via an open forward proxy an administrator is able to grant only a few clients access to the internet filtered by the standard firewall. Instead of establishing security firewalls at the layer of clients, that could include a variety of machines that have diverse environments and users A firewall can be placed on top of this forward proxy layer.




It is essential to note that forward proxies need to be manually set up to use and reverse proxies may not be detected by the user. Depending on the type of IP address of the user who is transferred to the server that is originally through the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or denied.




There are many possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxy services.




Apache A well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is a free forward proxy using an HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the complete web server. Read our article on the best way to create Squid proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it better for use instances such as peer-to -peer traffic. You can also check out how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as a representative of the web server which manages incoming requests from clients on behalf of. The web server could comprise one or more servers. Additionally, it can be an application-server such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request will come via the web in general. Most of the time requests will then be made directly to the webserver along with the resources the user seeks. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, isolating the webserver from direct interaction with the internet.




From the viewpoint of a user, the experience of interacting with reverse proxy isn't different than communicating with an internet server direct. It's functionally the same however the client can't see the distinction. The client requests a resource and then receives it, with no extra configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Security centralized for web servers.


The direction of traffic coming in based on rules you set.


New feature added to caching.




While centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy servers provide this service only to the layer of the webserver and not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls in the layer of web servers, which might contain many servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interacting with a firewall and connecting with requests from customers through web servers allows them to focus solely on addressing the needs of their customers.




In the event of multiple servers running a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy can also handle the direction in which requests are directed towards which servers. Multiple web servers may be running on the same server, each providing various kinds of resources or a mix of the two. They can use the HTTP protocol just like a conventional web server, however they may also be able to be equipped with applications server protocols, such as FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers that redirect users to a specific server according to the service you request, or to certain rules regarding the traffic load.




Reverse proxies also gain from their placement on top of web servers by providing the ability to cache. Massive static files can be configured using caching rules to prevent the need to call web servers each time you request. Some solutions allowing you to directly serve static files without having to communicate with the webserver at all. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions are capable of handling compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server functions as a highly regarded reverse proxy solution. While Apache is a reverse proxy service however, the Apache web server also has reverse proxy capabilities, however, it's a distinct feature to Apache in contrast to Nginx was designed initially to focus upon the feature of reverse proxy.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use



Since "forward" or "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality, and misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy services handle requests and responses. The most effective way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to take into account the requirements of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy is a useful tool when building a solution to offer web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers during any interaction on the web.




Forward proxy is useful when put in front of users for personal use, or in the workplace. They serve as a representation of your client's activity every time you connect to the internet.




The practice of segregating by use case rather than using only standard naming conventions can help make sure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article will explain the significance of a proxy, focusing on the two major kinds, namely reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of how to use them and a look at advantageous features were used to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy. If you're looking to know more about the possibilities of proxies, you can read our guide on how to configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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