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proxy, also referred to as a proxy or proxy server a server software that acts in the middle between a client and server via the internet. In the absence of an intermediary users would make a request for an item straight to the server, and servers would serve the item directly to the user. Although this method is easy to understand and use, adding proxies offers benefits like improved security, performance, privacy and more. A proxy that is a pass-through layer is a gatekeeper for the internet between clients and servers.




Generally speaking it is the bundled set of server hardware and proxy software is also often described as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers which are typically understood as software, and those used to complement web servers. This article will give a synopsis of the two types, namely a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood because of the similar terminology.




This article will give you an understanding of types of proxy services and what their subtypes are, as being able to explain how they can be useful for the most common configurations. In this article, you will be able to recognize the situations in which you can benefit from a proxy and identify the most suitable choice between forward and reverse proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, also known as the open proxy is an agent for users who want to send a request through the internet to an the server which originated it. In this case, it's the scenario that all requests sent by the client would rather be routed straight at the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in instead of the user will review the request. At the beginning, it will determine whether the client can accept requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then refuse requests or redirect it to the original server. The client doesn't have a direct access to the internet but it is able to access what the forward proxy allows to access.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxy servers is to increase privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet on behalf of clients. In the process, it uses a different IP address than the original IP address used by the client.




Based on how it has been configured in accordance with the way it was configured, a forward proxy could provide you with a variety of features and the capability to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify limitations based on your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems that provide central security as well as access based on permissions, such as at a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic flows by an open forward proxy, administrators can allow access only to a few individuals to access the web. The web is blocked by a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed on the client layer that may comprise several machines that have different user and environments, a firewall could be set up on top of an intermediate layer.




Remember that forward proxies have to be manually setup before they can be used for use in a reverse proxy, whereas forward proxies are able to not be noticed by the user. Based on the fact that the IP address of the user is sent to the server that generated it via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many possibilities to consider for forward proxies




Apache An open-source, well-known web server offering forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy capability.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not a complete Web server. Read our tutorial on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to allow it to be more suitable for use scenarios like peer-to-peer communication. You might also want to know how to set up Dante proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is a representative of the web server which takes care of incoming requests from clients on its behalf. The web server can be one or more servers. It could also represent an application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request comes from a user on the internet in general. Most of the time, the request will go directly to the web server that hosts the information the user is looking for. Contrarily, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary that helps to protect Web servers from direct interactions with the open internet.




From a perspective of the user's viewpoint, interfacing using reverse proxy is any different from working with Web server in direct communication. It functions the same as the web server, and the client is unable discern the distinction. The client is able to request the resource, and is then provided with the resource without any additional configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide the following features:




Centrally secured for Web Server Layer.


The direction of traffic coming in according to rules you have set.


A new feature for caching has been added.




Although centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse proxies apply this feature to the web server layer and not the client layer. In lieu of maintaining firewalls within the web server layer which may contain multiple servers that are configured differently The majority of the firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, the elimination of the responsibility to interact with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients from web servers enables them to concentrate entirely on delivering the needs of their clients.




In the event of multiple servers operating through reverse proxy the reverse proxy may be also responsible for the direction of which requests are directed through which server. There could be multiple web servers serving identical resources, but each one offering a different type of services or a mixture of the two. These servers can be using an HTTP protocol to operate as a standard internet server, but they also incorporate protocols for applications such as FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy in order redirecting visitors to a particular server based on the type of resource they're looking for, or follow certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can utilize their position prior to web servers by delivering the ability to cache. Large static assets are in a position to be set up using caching rules that prevent them from the web server from being hit on every request. There are options that offer an option to provide static files without having to connect directly to the website server. Additionally, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these files.




The well-known Nginx webserver is also a very well-known reverse proxy choice. While Apache can also be regarded as a reverse proxy service it is not the only one. Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy feature, which is an additional characteristic in Apache However, Nginx was originally designed and primarily focused on the reverse proxy feature.



The difference between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with directionality, they also create misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, they could be confusing since both types of proxy can manage requests and responses. Better yet, the best method to distinguish between the forward and reverse proxies would be to look at the requirements of the app that you are building.




A reverse proxy could be helpful when building an approach to connect web-based applications to the internet. They act as your servers whenever you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is put before the client for your personal use, or even in a working environment. They act as your client's proxy when you use the internet.




Distinguishing by use case in lieu of looking at similar naming conventions will make sure that you do not get confused.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is along with two types, namely the forward proxy as well as the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of the benefits were utilized to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're looking to learn more about the implementation of proxy services, be sure to read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a web service and reverse proxy in Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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