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It is an proxy, also called a proxy server. It is a program that functions to act as mediator between a client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a user would be able to make a request for any resource directly to the server and the server will provide the resource directly at the request of the customer. While this approach is straightforward to understand and implement, the addition of proxy servers can offer advantages in terms of improved performance as well as privacy, security and many more. As a layer of pass-through, a proxy serves as a security guardian of the internet between servers and clients.




The general consensus is this: the mix of servers hardware as well as software used to set up proxy installations is commonly referred to by the name of proxy servers. However, this article will be focusing on proxy servers that are usually classified as software, and also when referring to web servers. There will be a discussion of the two principal kinds that are forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Every one has its unique use scenario, which is often confused due to the same terms.




This article will give you an understanding of the types of proxies and the subtypes of them and how they function in the common configurations. After having read this article, you'll be able to determine the circumstances in which you can benefit from a proxy. You'll then choose the best option between forward and reverse proxy for each situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also referred to by the name of the open proxy is the agent of a user who would like to forward a request over the internet to a source server. In this scenario, the entire attempt to send requests by the user is instead sent to the forward-proxy. This forward proxy, acting in the client's stead, will scrutinize the request. The first step is to determine if the client is permitted to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. The client then decides if it wants to decline a request and forward it to its original server. The client isn't able to have directly access to internet. It can access only what forward proxy permits the client to access.




A popular use for forward proxy servers is to obtain more privacy or protection when surfing the web. A forward proxy is able to access the internet lieu of a client, and in this manner, it may utilize a different IP address than the initial IP address.




Depending on how it's been set up the forward proxy will provide different functions, based upon the way it has been configured and allows you to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your area.




Forward proxies can also be used for security systems which are centralised and have permission-based access like at work. All internet traffic can pass by the open forward proxy, an administrator can grant just a few users access to the internet through a common firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls at the layer of clients, which could comprise a range of computers with different settings and users. A firewall can be placed on top of an intermediate layer of forward proxy.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be manually set up to use, however reverse proxy servers will remain unnoticed by clients. Based on the fact that the IP address of the user is transferred to the server that originated it from the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted, or if it is left unnoticed.




There are a myriad of options to consider forward proxy options




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server which provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx is another popular open-source webserver that comes with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It isn't an all-inclusive web server application. We have a instructions on setting up Squid proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better to handle peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to investigate how to set up a Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is the web server which handles requests from clients in its place. Web servers can function as a one server or as a set of servers. Additionally, it can be used like an app server, such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request is made by a customer via the internet. Typically, the request is directly sent to the web server which has the resources that the user needs. Instead, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary, shielding it from any direct interaction with the internet's open.




From the viewpoint of the client, interacting with reverse proxy is not different from interacting with the web server directly. It's functionally the same and the user cannot discern the distinction. Clients make an request for a resource that is then followed by receiving it without any further configuration from the user.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




Centralized security for the web server layer.


Sending traffic to be directed according to the rules you can decide to define.


Additional features for caching.




Although centralized security is a benefit for both forward and reverse proxy servers. However, reverse proxy services provide this benefit only to those who use the server layer but not the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the layer of web servers which could contain multiple servers with various configurations, the bulk of the firewall security can be handled by the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, getting rid of the responsibility of communicating with a firewall and interacting with clients who request information from web servers allows them to concentrate on serving resources.




If there are multiple servers that are running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also takes care of how requests are routed the server. There could be multiple web servers offering the same service, each providing different kinds of resources, or a mix of the two. They may utilize the HTTP protocol as a conventional web server, however they may additionally include applications server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy that routes customers to specific servers depending on the resource they request or to observe certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can profit by their position on top of web servers, as they provide caching functionality. Massive static resources can be configured by using caching rules to stop hitting web servers with each request, with some solutions allowing you to deliver static files directly, without connecting to the web server even once. In addition, the reverse proxy can handle compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx website server also a highly well-known reverse proxy solution. Although Apache can also be a reverse proxy option, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server has reverse proxy capabilities as an option that can be added to Apache however Nginx was designed originally for and focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use



Because "forward" along with "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false distinctions between "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can confuse because both types of proxies deal with requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the requirements of the app you're working on.




Reverse proxy is a crucial aspect when creating a solution for serving websites on the internet. They serve as your web servers during any interaction via the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when used in front of customers for your personal use, or even in a workplace. They act as your client's proxy through any interaction with the internet.




The use case-based differentiation rather than focusing solely on standard name conventions can make it easier to avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the definition of a proxy, with the two primary types being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical scenarios to use them as well as a discussion of most effective features were employed to differentiate forward proxies from reverse proxy. If you're looking to know more about the advantages of proxies, then you can check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server using Apache using Ubuntu 20.04 Server. Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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