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proxy, also known as proxy, also known as proxy or proxy server is a server software that acts as a mediator between a client and server via the internet. In the absence of an intermediary users would make a request to purchase an item directly to a server and servers would deliver the item directly to the client. While this is a simple method to understand and implement, adding proxies provides benefits such as improved security, performance, privacy and more. A pass-through layer proxy acts as a gatekeeper of the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the bundled bundle of server hardware and proxy software is also often described as a proxy server. But, this article will focus on proxy servers which are usually referred to as software, as well as ones that work together with web servers. We will provide a brief overview of the two types, namely the forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own use case, and is frequently misunderstood due to the identical terms.




This article will provide you with an understanding of types of proxy services and what their subtypes are, as well as how they are useful in the typical configurations. Through this article, will be able to recognize the situations where you can benefit from a proxy and decide on the best alternative between reverse and forward proxy options in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, often referred to as the open proxy is an agent used by a user who wishes to send a request through the internet to an the server that originated the request. In this case, it's the case that all requests made by the user would prefer to be routed directly towards the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in place of the client, will look over the request. It will decide whether this client is able to handle requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then reject requests or redirect it to the original server. The client is not able to have an internet connection directly It can only access what the forward proxy gives it access to.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxy servers is to improve privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy allows you to connect to the internet instead of clients. In the process, it'll use an alternative IP address to the IP address originally used by the client.




Based on how it has been set up according to how it was set up forward proxy can provide you with a variety of features and the capability to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You will be able to identify any restrictions based upon your geographic location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems to provide central security and permission-based access, like at a workplace. If all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator can restrict access to certain individuals to access the web. This is blocked by a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer, which can comprise a range of computers that have different users and environmental settings, a firewall may be placed on top of an intermediate layer.




Remember that forward proxies have to be manually setup before they can be utilized to use them and reverse proxies are able to not be detected by the user. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is sent to the server that generated it via the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or left transparent.




There are several options to take into consideration for forward proxies




Apache An open source, well-known web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy capability.


Squid: A free forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not an entire web-based server. Take a look at our tutorial on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to examine how you can set up Dante proxy to allow private connections using Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an agent for a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf. Web servers can represent one server or several servers. Additionally, it can be an application server like Gunicorn. In all these instances, an application request is made by a user of the internet in general. The majority of the time, the request will go directly to the website server that hosts the information the user is looking for. Contrarily reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that helps to protect Web servers from direct contact with the open internet.




From the point of view of the user that is a user's viewpoint, interfacing via reverse proxy is the same as working with Web server in direct communication. It is functionally similar to the web server and the client cannot discern the distinction. The client is able to make a request for the resource and it is then given it without any additional configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxies grant the following features:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


The direction of traffic coming in by implementing rules that you establish.


A new feature for caching has been added.




While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies apply this feature to their web server layer and not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls in the layer of web servers which may contain multiple servers that are configured differently, most of the firewall security is aimed on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, the elimination of the responsibility of interfacing with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients via web servers allows them to focus solely on delivering the needs of their clients.




If there are more than one servers that are running via reverse proxy, the reverse proxy could be also responsible for the direction of which requests are routed through which server. There could be multiple web servers hosting the same resource, each of them offering a different kind of resource or a mix of the two. They can use the HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, but they also include applications server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to configure reverse proxy in order redirecting visitors to a particular server based on the type of resource they are looking for, or follow specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also make use of their position prior to web servers through the capability of caching. Large static assets are able to be configured using rules for caching to avoid the web server from being hit on every request. There are solutions that provide the option of providing static files in a direct manner without connecting to the web server in any way. In addition, reverse proxy can manage compression of these files.




The renowned Nginx webserver is also a popular reverse proxy option. Even though Apache can also be regarded as a reverse proxy option it is not the only one. Apache web server is equipped with a reverse proxy feature, which is an additional characteristic of Apache however Nginx was initially designed and focused on the reverse proxy feature.



The difference between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" or "reverse" have connotations of directionality, they can also lead to misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic and could be confusing since both kinds of proxies are able to respond to requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method of separating those proxies that are forward or reverse is to examine the needs of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy could be helpful when building an application that connects web applications to the internet. They function as servers when you interact using the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are put before the user for private use, or in a work setting. They are your client's proxy every time you connect to the internet.




Distinguishing by use case rather than focusing solely on similar names will ensure that you do not get confused.



Conclusion



This article clarified what a proxy is with two types of proxy, namely the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of useful features were utilized to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the use of proxy services, be sure to go through our guide on how to configure Nginx as a web service and reverse proxy on Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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