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The word "proxy" refers to a proxy or proxy server is software that functions as mediator between client and server on the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, users could submit a request for the resource directly to a server and the server would deliver an answer directly for the requester. Although this method is easy to understand and apply using proxy servers, it does offer advantages in terms of enhanced performance, privacy, security, and many more. As an additional layer of pass-through, a proxy acts as a security safeguard for the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the combined combination of server hardware as well as proxy software is often referred to as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies that are traditionally described as software, as well as being used in conjunction with web servers. The article will offer a description of the two primary types: namely a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage situation, and is frequently misunderstood due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will provide the basics of what subtypes and proxies can do and how they do in the typical configurations. After reading this article, you'll be able identify scenarios where the use of proxy servers is advantageous and select the most appropriate option between reverse proxy and forward proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known as an open proxy is an agent used by the user looking to transmit an online request to a source server. In this scenario, the entire process of sending requests initiated by the client is instead directed by an forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in the place of the client, will review the request. It first decides if it is legal for the user to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then either reject requests or redirect it to the server that originally made the request. The client does not have direct connection to the internet. It can access only the information that the forward proxy permits it to access.




The primary reason for people to utilize forward proxy is to increase security or privacy when surfing the web. A forward proxy links to the internet, not the client and, in this manner, it utilizes an IP address that is distinct from the IP address that the user is using.




Based on how it was set up the forward proxy will offer many functions, based on how it is configured, which permits you to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on the location you are in.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide centralized security and access based on user permissions like in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet flows through an open forward proxy, the administrator is able to restrict access only to a select group of clients to the internet, which is filtered by the common firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls for this layer of clients that may include multiple machines that have different settings and users the firewall can be set up at the layer which forwards proxy traffic.




Take note that forward proxies must be manually set up to use and reverse proxies can be ignored from the clients. Depending on the type the IP address that the user, it is sent to the server that originated it through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity could be granted or hidden.




There are numerous alternatives to think about when considering forward proxy choices:




Apache is an incredibly well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source web server that has the ability to forward-proxy.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It's not part of the full webserver system. There is a video tutorial on how to install Squid proxy to allow private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer connections. It is also possible to discover how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as the agent of a server on the internet that handles requests from customers on behalf of. The web server can be a single server or a number of servers. It can also function as an application server for instance Gunicorn. In all cases, the request will be made via the internet, generally. In most cases requests will then be made straight to the webserver that hosts the information that the user wants. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, separating the webserver from direct interaction with the open internet.




From the point of view of a user the experience of working with reverse proxy is not distinct from connecting to your webserver directly. It's essentially the same but the client cannot discern the distinction. The client makes an inquiry for an item, and then receives it, with no further configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Security centralized to web server.


It is the direction in which traffic that is coming in is determined by rules you can establish.


The caching function was added to the application.




Although central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers. However, reverse proxy servers provide this advantage only to the server layer and not the client layer. Instead of having to maintain firewalls at the layer of web servers which may comprise several servers that have different configurations, the bulk in firewall protection is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of interacting with firewalls and responding to requests from customers who don't have web servers allows them to concentrate on providing the needs of their clients.




In the event that there's a multitude of servers running in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also is accountable for directing the requests directed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers that provide the identical service, however each offering different kinds of resources, or a mix of both. They can utilize an HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, however they can also be equipped with applications server protocols such as FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy servers to redirect users to specific servers according to the requested resource, or to adhere to certain guidelines regarding the amount of traffic.




Reverse proxies also benefit from their positioning over web servers, as they have the ability to store information. The large static files can be configured by using caching rules in order to prevent hitting web servers with every request. Certain solutions allow users to upload static files directly, without having to connect to the website server at all. Furthermore, reverse proxy is able to handle compressing these assets.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as a well-known reverse proxy solution. Even though Apache can also be regarded as a reverse proxy service, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server also has reverse proxy feature as an added option for Apache however Nginx was initially developed for and focused specifically on reverse proxy features.



The difference between the use of forward and reverse proxy Examples



Because "forward" and "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality, and false comparisons are made to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic can be confusing because both kinds of proxies handle both responses and requests. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to examine the specifications of the application that you're constructing.




A reverse proxy could be beneficial in the creation of a solution to provide web-based applications on the internet. They serve as your web servers when you are on the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when placed in front of customers to use for personal purposes, or in a work setting. They are a representation of the client's activity when you interact with the internet.




A case-based approach to differentiation instead of focusing on commonly used naming conventions can assist in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy with the two primary types of proxy: the forward proxy as well as the reverse one. Examples of practical use and a discussion of most useful features were utilized to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the benefits in proxy server, you can follow our guide on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy for Apache in an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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