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proxy is also referred to as a proxy is often referred to for its role as a proxy server a software that acts as a mediator between a server and client on the internet. Without proxy, a user could send a request for any resource directly to the server, and then the server will provide an item directly for the requester. While this is a simple method to comprehend and utilize, however, the addition of proxy servers can offer advantages in terms of more performance, privacy and security, among other things. Apart from offering a security layer the proxy also acts as a guardian to the internet, separating clients and servers.




It is generally accepted that the combined package of server hardware along with the software for proxy installation is commonly referred to as proxy servers. In this article, we will focus on proxies traditionally classified as software and within relation to web server. We will provide a description of the two primary types of proxies. These are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each one has its own use scenario that is often confused due to the overlap in names.




This article will give you some understanding about what proxies and their subtypes are and the ways they can be useful in a variety of configurations. In this article, you'll be able discern the scenarios where the use of proxies is advantageous, and decide on the appropriate option between reverse and forward proxy for any particular circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also referred to by the name of an open proxy serves as an agent for an individual trying to send a request through the internet to an source server. In this situation, any request made by the client will be sent through the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in the client's stead, will examine the request. It will first determine whether the client is authorized to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then either reject requests or redirect them to the source server. It's not able directly connect directly to internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy enables it access to.




A typical use of forward proxy is the requirement for greater privacy or security when using the internet. The forward proxy is connected to internet as a client, and through this manner, it connects an alternative IP address in addition to the IP address of your client.




Based on the way it has been configured based on the method it was set up forward proxy can provide a variety of functions that allow users to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems to provide central security and access through permissions, like in a workplace. Internet traffic can be routed through an open forward proxy, administrators can restrict access to specific users to the internet. This is then filtered by the standard firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls on this layer of client, which could be used by several computers that have different types of environments and users. A firewall may be found in this forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxies have to be manually setup to allow the use of them, but reverse proxy servers will not be noticed by the user. Based on the fact that an IP address from a client is transmitted to the source server through the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or kept secret.




There are a variety of possibilities to think about when considering forward proxy services.




Apache is a well-known open-source web server that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open source forward proxy which makes use of an HTTP protocol. It doesn't come with the whole web server. This is a step-by-step tutorial to setup Squid proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better suited for cases like peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to look into the steps to install a Dante proxy that will allow private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server, handling incoming requests from clients in its place. The server could function as a single server or a number of servers. Additionally, it can contain an application server like Gunicorn. In any case it is possible to get an inquiry from a client through the internet at large. In most cases, the request would be directed directly to the server that hosts the information the customer is seeking. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that blocks your server from communications with the web's public.




From the point of viewpoint, or an individual's view, interacting via reverse proxy isn't any different from connecting to the server by itself. It's functionally the same as the web server, and the user is unable discern the distinction. Clients can request the resource, and is then given it, without any extra configuration required by the user.




Reverse proxies grant features like:




Security centralized for web servers.


Directing incoming traffic based on rules you can make.


A new feature for caching has been added.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies perform this service to the web server layer, but not to the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at the web servers, which could contain multiple servers with various configurations, the bulk of the firewall security is centered on that layer called reverse proxy. In addition, the absence of connecting to a firewall and interacting with requests from clients who do not have web servers lets them focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.




In the case of multiple servers hosting through reverse proxy the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests go to which server. Multiple servers may be offering the same service, but providing different types of resources, or a combination of the two. They can use the HTTP protocol similar to an ordinary web server, but they can also be equipped with protocols for application servers like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy that directs customers to specific server based on the requested resource or to follow certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxy solutions benefit from placing them on the web servers with caching capabilities. Large static assets can be configured with caching rules in order to ensure that web servers are not hit every time you request. Certain solutions allow the server to serve static files directly, without needing to connect to the web server in any way. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can be used to handle compression of these files.




The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a popular reverse proxy service. It is true that the Apache web server does have reverse proxy features but it's an alternative option for Apache in contrast to Nginx was designed initially to focus on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" and "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality and misleading comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. These labels can confuse because each type of proxy handles both requests and replies. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to think about the needs of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy is an essential feature when building an infrastructure to connect web-based applications to the internet. They are your web servers in any interaction with the internet.




Forward proxy applications are advantageous when placed in front of clients for personal use or in a workplace. They represent the client's activity when you interact with the internet.




Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on naming conventions that are commonplace will help you not become confused.



Conclusion



This article defined what is a "proxy" is, with the two primary kinds being reverse and forward proxies. Practical applications as well as a summary of the beneficial features was utilized to distinguish between forward proxy and reverse proxy. If you're looking for ways to implement proxies you should check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as web server and reverse proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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