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proxy, also referred to as a proxy or proxy server, is a server software that sits as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. With no intermediary users would send a request for something straight to the server, and servers would deliver the resource directly back to the client. Although this approach is simple to understand and implement, proxies can provide benefits such as improved speed, privacy, security and many more. A pass-through layer proxy serves as a security barrier on the internet between servers and users.




Generally speaking generally speaking, the bundle of server hardware that includes proxy software is often called a proxy server. But, this article will focus on proxy servers which are generally referred to as software, and ones that work to complement web servers. We will provide a brief overview of the two primary kinds, namely a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each comes with its own specific use case, and is frequently misunderstood due to the same terminology.




This article will provide you with an idea of the types of proxy services and what their subtypes are, as well in how they work in typical configurations. Through this article, will be able to identify the situations in which you can benefit from a proxy, and decide on the best choice between reverse and forward proxy for any particular situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, often referred to as the open proxy is an agent used by users who want to send a request through the internet to the server that made it. In this scenario it is the situation that all requests made by the user would prefer to be sent direct at the forward proxy. Forward proxy in instead of the user will look over the request. It will decide whether this client is able to accept requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either decide whether to reject requests or redirect them to the original server. The client does not have direct connection to the internet It can only access what the forward proxy gives it access to.




The most popular reason to utilize forward proxy servers is to gain greater privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy allows you to connect to the internet on behalf of clients, and in the process, it'll use a different IP address than the IP address that was originally utilized by the client.




Based on how it has been configured in accordance with the way it was initially configured, a forward proxy could offer you a range of functions and the capability to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify limitations based on your geographical place of residence.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems to provide central security, as well as access to users based on their permissions, for instance in a workplace. In the event that all traffic on the internet is routed by an open forward proxy, an administrator is able to grant access only to specific individuals to access the web, which is blocked by a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer, which can comprise a range of devices that are different in terms of user and environments, a firewall could be installed at an front proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxies need to be manually set up before they are able to be used to use them in a reverse proxy, whereas forward proxy's are able to be seen by users. Depending on whether your IP address the user is sent to the server which originated it by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or left transparent.




There are many options to take into consideration for forward proxies:




Apache A well-known, open-source web server offering forward proxy capability.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for hosting websites with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not a complete web-based server. Take a look at our guide on how you can configure Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP to allow it to be more suitable for use scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to examine how you can configure Dante proxy to allow private connections using Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for the web server which takes care of any requests that come in from clients on its behalf. The web server could represent one or more servers. It could also be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In all these instances, an application request is made from a user on the internet. In most cases the request will be sent directly to the web server that hosts the information the user wants. However, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary to isolate Web server from any direct interaction with the internet's open.




From the perspective of a user's viewpoint, interfacing with reverse proxy is not anything different than working with a Web server in direct communication. It is functionally identical to the web server and the client cannot discern the difference. Clients can make a request for the resource and it is then given it, without any additional configuration on the part of the user.




Reverse proxies grant the following features:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Directing incoming traffic according to rules you have set.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




Although centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies provide this feature to only the layer of web servers not to the client layer. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls at the layer of web servers, which can contain several servers with different configurations The majority of the firewall security is targeted on the reverse proxy layer. Also, the removal of the responsibility to interact with a firewall and connecting with requests from customers off of web servers enables them to focus solely on delivering the needs of their clients.




If there are more than one servers running through reverse proxy the reverse proxy may also be responsible for the direction in which requests are directed through which server. There could be multiple web servers serving similar resources however each one offering a different type of resources or a combination of the two. These servers may be running an HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, but they also include protocols used by applications like FastCGI. You can set up a reverse proxy to direct visitors to a specific server based on the type of resource they're looking for, or follow certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can utilize their position before web servers through the capability of caching. Large static assets are in a position to be set up using caching rules that prevent them from hitting web servers on every request. There are solutions that provide the possibility of providing static files in a direct manner without connecting directly to the website server. In addition, reverse proxy is able to manage compression of these files.




The renowned Nginx website server a very popular reverse proxy option. Even though Apache is also a reverse proxy service, the Apache web server is equipped with a reverse proxy features, it is an additional option that is part of Apache but Nginx was designed originally for and geared towards the reverse proxy function.



The distinction in Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Because "forward" or "reverse" are associated with directionality, they also create false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, they could be confusing since both types of proxies are able to manage requests and responses. Better yet, the best method to distinguish between the forward and reverse proxies would be to examine the needs of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is helpful when building an application that connects web-based applications to the internet. They act as your servers when you are on the internet.




Forward proxy is beneficial when they are placed before the client for personal use or in a workplace setting. They are your client's proxy every time you connect to the internet.




The ability to differentiate by the use of in lieu of looking at the same names will ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article defined what a proxy is along with two types of proxy, namely the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of the benefits were utilized to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about the use of proxy servers, then you must read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet service and reverse proxy on Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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