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An proxy also referred to proxy servers is software that functions as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without a proxy, a user will send a request for an item directly to a server, and the server would then deliver the item directly to the client. Though this approach is simple to comprehend and implement the addition of proxies can offer advantages in terms increased performance and privacy, security and much more. Alongside offering a security layer, proxies act as a security safeguard for the internet between clients and servers.

The general consensus is that the set of server hardware and proxy software is often referred to proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxies typically classified as software and within the web server context. We will provide a brief overview of the two main types, namely which are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has its own use and can be confusing due to the same name convention.

This article will provide you with an understanding of nature of proxies and the subtypes of them and how they function in typical setups. Through this article, you'll be able to recognize the circumstances where it's beneficial to use a proxy and decide on the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy for any scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

In the same way a forward proxy, also called open proxy. In other words, an open proxy is a proxy of a client who wants to make an internet-based request to an the server that originated it. In this situation, any request made by the client's side will be directed directly via the forward proxy. This forward proxy in the in the place of the customer will examine the request. The first step is to determine if this client is authorized to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to refuse a request or forward it to the server that originally received it. The client is not able to access directly the internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy grants it access to.

The most common reason to use forward proxies is to increase privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet in place of a client, and in this manner it can use an IP address that is different from the IP address originally utilized by the client.

Depending on how it's been set up in the past forward proxy servers are able to give you a variety of choices and permit you to:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You will be able to identify any limitations based on your geographical area.
  
  

Forward proxies may also be utilized in systems that offer central security and permission-based access, like in a workplace. When all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy layer, administrators are able to restrict access to certain clients to the internet and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls for the client layer which may comprise a range of computers with different environments and users, the firewall could be put into the forward proxy layer.

It is important to note that settings for forward proxy need to be manually configured for use to function in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxies are able to be not recognized by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a client is sent to the origin server via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.

There are many options to take into consideration when it comes to forward proxy options:

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  Apache: A popular open-source web server that has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is a free forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire internet server. Take a look at our step-bystep guide to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante forward proxy, which uses using the SOCKS protocol, instead of HTTP which makes it better suited to situations such as peer-to-topeer traffic. You can also look into the steps to install the Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as a representative of web servers, which handles incoming requests from clients in its place. The web server could comprise one server or several servers. Also, it could be used as an application server like Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request for an application comes by a user on the internet as a whole. Most of the time the request will be sent directly to the web server with the data the user is asking for. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, securing Web servers from direct interactions with the internet's public.

From a consumer's point perspective, which is also an individual's view, connecting using a reverse proxy is similar to working with an internet server direct. It's exactly the same thing, however the user is unable to be able to discern the differences. The client asks for the resource, and is then provided with it without any further configuration required by the client.

Reverse proxies offer features like:

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  Centrally secured to protect Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic that is inbound, based on rules you can design.
  
  
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  The caching functionality has been added to the app.
  
  

While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this feature only to the server layer, not the client layer. Instead of having firewalls running on Web server layers that could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of the firewall security is targeted at reverse proxy layers. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interfacing with a firewall as well as interacting with client requests outside of web servers allows them to concentrate on providing the requirements of their clients.

When there is a multitude of servers hosted using a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing what requests go to the server. There may be several web servers that provide similar content offering various types of resources or a combination of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol similar to an ordinary web server however, they may also use different protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy to redirect clients to specific servers in accordance with the requested resource or to follow specific rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies also can make use of their location before web servers by delivering caching capabilities. Massive static resources can be configured by using caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. There are even solutions that allow users to serve static files immediately without needing to connect to a web server even once. In addition reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.

The popular Nginx web server also functions as a very popular reverse proxy option. Even though Apache is also a reverse proxy solution however, the Apache web server is also able to function with reverse proxy function as an additional attribute of Apache however Nginx was originally designed to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Examples

Since "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, the labels could be confusing, because both types of proxy are able to handle requests and responses. A better approach to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to examine the requirements of the program you're building.

Reverse proxy is useful when designing a solution to provide web-based applications on the internet. They serve as your web servers for when you use the internet.

Forward proxy is useful when it is displayed in front of customers for personal use or within an office environment. They are your client's representative when you connect to the internet.

The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing on commonly used naming conventions can help in eliminating confusion.

Conclusion

This article defined the meaning of a proxy, which includes two kinds of proxy: the forward one and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the most beneficial characteristics were employed to identify between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about how to set up proxies you can check out our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy using Apache on Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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