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"proxy" is a term used to describe a server "proxy" is a reference to the notion of a proxy frequently referred to as a proxy server is software that acts to act as an intermediary for server and client on the internet. Without a proxy, a client can send a request for an item directly to a server, and the server would serve direct to the requester. While this is a simple method to grasp and implement, adding proxies provides benefits such as increased performance, privacy and security, and so on. As a pass-through layer the proxy acts as a security layer for the internet between clients and servers.

The general system of server hardware that is paired with the software for proxy installation is usually referred to as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are generally classified as software, but specifically in relation to servers for web. We will present a summary of the two main types of proxies: that is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a different use case, and is often misinterpreted due to the overlapping terms.

This article will provide you with an understanding of how proxies work, what their subtypes and ways they can be useful in various configurations. If you go through this article, you'll be able to recognize instances where the use of proxy servers is beneficial and identify the most appropriate alternative between forward and reverse proxy for any particular situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy, also referred to as the open proxy, acts as the client's representative who is trying to send a request through the internet to an source server. In this situation, any request made by the user will instead be sent via the forward proxy. This forward proxy in place of the client will review the request. Then, it will decide whether the client is permitted to send requests via this specific forward proxy. It will then orally reject a request and send it back to its server that originated the request. The client is unable to establish a direct connection to the internet. It is only able to connect to what the forward proxy allows the client to access.

The most common reason to use forward proxies is to improve security or privacy when surfing the internet. A forward proxy can be used to access the internet instead of the client. In this process, it uses an IP address that is different from the original IP address of the client.

Based on the way it's setup, and based on the way it's configured forward proxy could offer a range of functions, allowing users to:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You will be able to identify any restrictions based on your geographical place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used for security systems that are centralized and access based on permissions, like in a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer an administrator might restrict access for only a limited number of internet users that is then filtered through the common firewall. Instead of setting up filters for client layers, which could be used by multiple computers with different settings and types of users, it is possible to set up a firewall at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.

Take note of the fact that forward proxy servers must be manually configured for use before they can be used, while reverse proxy servers can remain unnoticed by clients. Based on whether an IP address belonging to a user is relayed to an origin server through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.

There are many alternatives to look into for forward proxy services.

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  Apache A well-known, open-source web server that comes with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that works with an HTTP protocol. It's not included with the entire web server. Learn more about how to configure Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP which is more appropriate for situations such as peer-to -peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to set up Dante proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy serves in the capacity of an intermediary for web server, that handles customer requests on its behalf. This server can represent a single, or multiple servers. Also, it could represent an application server like Gunicorn. In either case it is possible to send a request via the internet in general. In most cases, the request is directed directly to the web server hosting the information that the client requires of. In contrast, a reverse proxy is a intermediary, and separates Web servers from any direct interaction with the internet's public.

From the viewpoint of the client an individual's perspective, the process of using reverse proxy isn't any different from interacting with the server by itself. It's the same, but the client can't be able to discern the difference. The client requests the resource, and is then supplied with it, with no extra configuration needed for the customer.

Reverse proxies provide features like:

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  The web server is protected centrally.
  
  
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  The direction of traffic coming in is based upon rules you set.
  
  
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  A new feature to cache has been added.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this feature only to the server layer and it is not available to the client layer. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls at the server layer which could contain multiple servers, each with various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated in the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of interacting with firewalls and interacting to client requests off web servers allows firewalls to focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.

If there are multiple servers being located within a reverse proxy the reverse proxy is also accountable for the way requests are routed at the server that is hosting them. Multiple web servers could be providing the same service, but offering various kinds of resources or a combination of the two. These servers may use their HTTP protocol to perform the role of a web server in the traditional sense, but can also include applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to direct users to a specific server based on the resource requested or to abide by specific rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies may also profit from their position prior to web servers by offering the ability to cache. Large static assets can be set by caching rules to avoid hitting web servers with every request. There are solutions allowing you to directly serve static assets without connecting directly to web servers in any form. Furthermore, the reverse proxy is capable of compressing these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a powerful reverse proxy solution. Even though Apache has a reverse proxy solution however, the Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy function which is an additional feature that is available for Apache however Nginx was originally designed specifically for reverse proxy features.

The difference in Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Because "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false distinctions between "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing because both kinds of proxies handle both requests as well as responses. The best way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're developing.

A reverse proxy is useful when you're developing a solution to deliver web-based applications to the internet. They serve as your web servers when you connect to the internet.

Forward proxy is beneficial when they are used to present your customers' information for your own usage or in a professional setting. They serve as the proxy for your client when you are on the internet.

The ability to differentiate by the use of case instead of focusing solely on naming conventions that are commonplace can aid in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

This article will explain what a proxy is and provides two types: reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of use and a brief overview of useful features were used to differentiate forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're keen to learn more about proxy servers, look over our guide on how you can configure Nginx as a reverse proxy using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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