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An proxy, also known as a proxy server also referred to the proxy server, is a software that serves as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without a proxy, a client could send a request for resources directly to a server and it would deliver direct to users who requested the resource. Although this is a simple process to understand and implement using proxy services, it may offer benefits in terms of increased performance, privacy, security, and more. As an additional layer of protection, a proxy acts as a guardian for the internet between servers and users.

It is generally accepted that the combination of server hardware that is installed with proxy software is generally called a proxy server. In this article, we will concentrate on proxy servers which are usually classified as software and in the context of web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two primary types of proxy servers: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different usage scenario, which is often misunderstood because of a similar namesake convention.

This article will give you an idea of the types of proxy services and what their subtypes are, as well as their significance in common setups. Through the article you'll know how to recognize the situations in which an effective proxy can be beneficial and pick the right option between forward and reverse proxy based on the situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy, also called an open proxy acts as an intermediary for the client who is trying to transmit a request over the internet to an source server. In this instance, any request sent by the client will be sent straight to forward-proxy. A forward proxy, acting in the place of the client will review the request. The first step is to determine if the client is allowed to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request, or send it to the server that originally received it. The client does not have direct access to the internet. It has access to only the web pages that the forward proxy allows its access.

One of the most popular uses for forward proxies is to improve privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet as a client, and in the process it can use an alternative IP address for the original IP address of the client.

Based on how it was configured, based on the way it's configured, forward proxy may offer a range of features depending on the way it's configured, which allows you to:

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  Beware of ads that track you.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can identify restrictions based on your geographical place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be used in systems that offer central security as well as permission-based access, like at a workplace. All internet traffic can pass through an open forward proxy, administrators are able to restrict access to certain clients on the internet that is protected by a standard firewall. As opposed to having firewalls installed for the client layer that may include multiple computers that have different configurations and users you can set up a firewall located at the front proxy layer.

Note to note that settings for forward proxy need to be set manually for use however reverse proxies will be ignored by the client. Based on the fact that the IP address of the user is transmitted to the server where it came from by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity could be granted or kept secret.

There are a variety of choices to be considered for forward proxy:

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  Apache is a well-known open source web server, that offers forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server. Check out our guide on how to install Squid proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better to handle peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to examine how you can create a Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy is the web server, which takes care of incoming requests from customers on its behalf. The web server may represent a single or multiple servers. It may additionally be an app server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request comes through the internet. Most of the time the request will be directed directly to the web server, which will provide the information the client is requesting. However, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that isolates your server from interaction with the internet's open.

From the perspective of the client an individual's viewpoint reverse proxy is a process that reverse proxy isn't any different than communicating with Web server in direct communication. It's the same process, and the client cannot tell the distinction. The client makes a request for the resource, which is followed by its receipt without the need for any extra configuration required by the end user.

Reverse proxy providers offer functions like:

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  A central layer of security that protects the server.
  
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed based upon rules that you can determine.
  
  
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  New feature added to caching.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies apply this for the web server layer but not the client layer. Instead of focusing on upkeep of firewalls on the layer of web servers, which may contain many servers and various configurations, the majority of firewall security is targeted on the reverse proxy level. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with clients who are far from web servers enables them to focus on meeting the needs of their customers.

If there are multiple servers that are connected via reverse proxy reverse proxy also is responsible for directing which requests go through which server. There may be several web servers providing the same content, and each providing different services or a combination of both. They could be running the HTTP protocol that is the standard web server, however they could include other protocols for application servers, such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up reverse proxy servers to redirect users to a particular server based on the resource requested, or to follow specific guidelines on the volume of traffic.

Reverse proxies also take advantage of their position on top of web servers, as they have the ability to cache data. Massive static resources can be set up using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers with each request. Certain solutions allow you to serve static content directly without contacting servers on the internet in any manner. In addition reverse proxy solutions can help compress these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy solution. While there is an equivalent feature available in the Apache web server does have reverse proxy capabilities as an additional option that is accessible for Apache while Nginx was initially designed to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" conveys the notion of directionality, as well as misleading comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic The labels can be confusing as both kinds of proxy servers process requests and responses. Better yet, the best method of separating between a forward and reverse proxy is to look at the specifications of the application that you're building.

A reverse proxy can be useful when designing a solution for serving websites online. They are your servers when you use the internet.

Forward proxy can be useful when placed in front of customers to facilitate the purpose of your own use or in a work environment. They represent your client traffic in any interactions on the internet.

The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the standard naming conventions could help in eliminating confusion.

Conclusion

In this article, we explained what a proxy is and the two primary types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a review of the beneficial attributes were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the implementation of proxy servers then you should check out our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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