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A proxy, also known as a proxy also referred to a proxy server, is software that serves as an intermediary between client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a client could send a request for resources directly to the server and it would deliver the requested resource directly to the user. While this process is simple to comprehend and implement using proxies, it can bring benefits in the form of enhanced performance and privacy, security and much more. In addition to providing a layer of protection proxy, it acts as a gatekeeper to the internet between servers and users.

In general, the combination of server hardware with installed proxy software is often referred to as a proxy server. In this article, we'll concentrate on proxy servers, which are generally described as software, as well as within the context of web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two major kinds of proxy servers: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the similar naming convention.

This article will provide you with an understanding of different types of proxy and what their subtypes are, as well as their significance in common setups. After reading this article, you'll be able to understand how to identify the circumstances where a reliable proxy could be useful, and choose the correct alternative between reverse and forward proxy, based on the circumstances.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy, sometimes called an open proxy, also known as an open acts as an intermediary for clients who are trying to transmit a request over the internet to an source server. In this instance, any request made by the client will be sent direct to the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in the client's stead, will examine the request. The first step is to decide if the client's allowed be able to accept requests through this particular forward proxy. It will then deny any request, or redirect it to the original server. The client has no directly access to internet. It is able to access only the information that forward proxy gives it access to.

The most frequent uses for forward proxies is to gain greater privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy utilizes the internet as the client, and in the process, it will use an alternative IP address for the client's original IP address.

Based on how it has been configured depending on the way it's configured forward proxy could provide different features depending on how it is configured, which allows you to:

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  Beware of ads that track you.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You will be able to identify any restrictions based on your geographical location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide central security and access to users based on permissions, for instance at a workplace. All internet traffic can pass via an open forward proxy. administrators are able to restrict access to only certain clients to the internet that is protected by a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls on the client layer, which could include multiple machines with different configurations and users you can install a firewall at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.

Take note to note that settings for forward proxy need to be manually configured for use, but reverse proxies are likely to be disregarded by the client. Depending on whether an IP address belonging to a user is transmitted to the server from where it originated by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept in the dark.

There are a myriad of alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy:

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  Apache is an well-known open-source web server, which provides forward-looking proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open-source web hosting server with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid: An open-source forward proxy that utilizes an HTTP protocol. It's not the whole web server. Take a look at our guide on how you can install Squid proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suitable for peer-to-peer communication. You may also want to look at how you can set up Dante proxy to allow secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy acts as the web server, which takes care of incoming requests from customers on its behalf. The web server could represent a single, or multiple servers. It may even be an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request comes through the internet. The majority of the time the request will be directed directly to a web server with the resources the client is requesting. In contrast, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary that isolates your website server from communication with the internet's open.

From the perspective of the user's point of view, the process of using reverse proxy isn't different from communicating with Web server in direct communication. It's the same thing and the client is unable to discern the difference. Client requests a resource, which is followed by receiving it with no extra configuration required by the user.

Reverse proxies offer options like:

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  A centralized layer of security that protects the server.
  
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed upon rules that you can define.
  
  
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  New feature added to caching.
  
  

While centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies do this function to just the layer of web servers but not to the client layer. In lieu of focussing on the maintenance of firewalls at the server level, which could contain multiple servers and different configurations, most of firewall security is targeted on the reverse proxy level. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of communicating with firewalls and communicating with clients distant from web servers allows them to concentrate on delivering the requirements of their clients.

In the case of multiple servers that are connected via reverse proxy reverse proxy is responsible to direct which requests will go to which servers. There may be several web servers offering the same content, and each providing different services or a combination of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, however they could contain other protocols used by application servers, such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up reverse proxy servers to redirect visitors to specific server depending on the service requested or to comply with specific guidelines for the amount of traffic.

Reverse proxies benefit from their placement on top of web servers, as they have the capability to store information. Massive static resources can be configured using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers on every request. Some solutions providing the option to serve static files directly without connecting to Web servers in any form. In addition the reverse proxy is able to manage compressing these assets.

The popular Nginx web server can also function as a popular reverse proxy service. Although there is a similar feature that is available in Apache web server, it does include reverse proxy functions as an additional option that is accessible for Apache while Nginx was initially designed to and is focused on reverse proxy functionality.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Because "forward" along with "reverse" have connotations of directionality, as well as misleading comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels could be confusing as both kinds of proxy servers process requests and responses. Better yet, the best method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the requirements of the app you're creating.

A reverse proxy could be helpful when building a solution for serving websites online. They represent your web servers when you use the internet.

Forward proxy are beneficial when they are placed in front of customers to facilitate the purpose of your own use or even in a business environment. They represent your client traffic when they interact with the internet.

A case-based distinction instead of focusing solely on commonly used naming conventions can help in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

This article clarified what a proxy is with the two main kinds of proxy: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the attributes that are beneficial were used to identify forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're looking to know more about the implementation of proxy servers then you should check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as reverse proxy and web server proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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