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An proxy is also known as proxy servers is software that functions as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, users can send a request for something directly through a server and the server would then deliver the item directly to the user. While this is a simple method to understand and implement, the addition of proxies could bring advantages in terms of increased performance and privacy, security and more. In addition to providing a layer of security proxy servers also act as a security guardian for the internet between servers and clients.

There is a general consensus that the collection of servers and the hardware that is used along with proxy software is often known as proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxies typically classified as software and within the web server context. We will provide a brief overview of the two primary types, namely which are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage, which can be confusing due to a similar name convention.

This article will provide you with an idea of the what proxies are and the subtypes of them and how they function in normal configurations. By reading this article, you'll be able to determine the situations where it's beneficial to use a proxy and choose the best option between forward proxy and reverse proxy for any scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

In another way, a forward proxy sometimes known as open proxy. In other words, an open proxy acts as a representative of a customer who wishes to forward a request via the internet to an origin server. In this situation, any request made by the client is instead sent directly through the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting on instead of the user, will review the request. The first step is to decide if the client is authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides if it wants to refuse a request or transfer it onto the original server. The client is unable to access directly the internet. It is only able to access the internet that forward proxy allows its access.

The most popular reason for using forward proxy services is to improve privacy or security when surfing the internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet place of a client, and, in this way it could use an IP address that is different from the IP address originally used by the client.

Depending on how it's been configured in the past forward proxy servers are able to give you a variety of options and allow you to:

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  Avoid ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can identify limitations based on your geographic area.
  
  

Forward proxies may also be employed in systems that offer centralized security and permission based access, such as in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy, administrators can limit access to certain clients to the internet and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls for the client layer which may comprise a range of computers with different user and operating environments, the firewall could be put within the forward proxy layer.

It is important to note that settings for forward proxy need to be manually set up to use and reverse proxy settings can be ignored by clients. Depending on the type of IP address of a user is passed to the original server via forward proxy privacy and anonymity can be granted or denied.

There are many alternatives to think about for forward proxies:

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  Apache: A popular open-source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver, this one with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. Squid isn't a complete Web server service. Check out our step-by-step guide to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante forward proxy, which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better suitable for situations like peer-to-topeer traffic. You can also look into how you can install a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy serves as a representation of a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on its behalf. The web server could comprise one server or several servers. Additionally, it can be used as an application server like Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, an application request is made by a user on the internet in general. Most of the time, the request will be directly sent to the web server with the information the client is seeking. Reverse proxy, however, acts as an intermediary, shielding Web servers from direct interaction with the internet's public.

From a consumer's point of view that is a user's viewpoint, interfacing via a reverse proxy similar to using an internet server direct. It's the same, but the user is unable to discern the difference. The client makes a request for an item and receives it, with no additional configuration required on the part of the client.

Reverse proxies can provide features such as:

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  Centrally secured for Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can set up.
  
  
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  The caching function is now available to users.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this feature to only the server layer and it is not available to the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the web server layer, which may contain many servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security can be focused at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility to interact with a firewall as well as interacting with client requests outside of web servers permits them to concentrate on providing the requirements of their clients.

If there are multiple servers hosted with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests go to the server. There may be several web servers that provide similar content providing various types of resources or a mix of both. They can use the HTTP protocol in the same way as a traditional web server, but they can include different protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up a reverse proxy to redirect the clients towards specific servers based upon the resource requested or to adhere to specific rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies may also make use of their position before web servers by delivering caching capabilities. Massive static resources can be set up using caching rules to prevent the web server from being hit with each request. There are solutions even allowing you to serve static assets immediately without needing to connect to the web server even once. Additionally reverse proxy is able to control compression of these files.

The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a well-known reverse proxy solution. Although Apache can also be a reverse proxy option but it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server is also equipped complete with the reverse proxy functionality, it is an additional characteristic of Apache however Nginx was initially designed to focus on the reverse proxy feature.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Examples

Since "forward" or "reverse" are associated with directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, the labels could be confusing, since both types of proxy handle responses and requests. A better approach to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to examine the requirements of the program you're creating.

A reverse proxy can be beneficial when creating a web-based applications over the internet. They serve as your web servers for when you use the web.

Forward proxy is useful when it is displayed in front of clients for personal use, or in a corporate environment. They are your client's representative whenever you use the internet.

The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the common naming conventions can aid in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

This article clarified the definition of a proxy with the two types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a summary of beneficial characteristics were employed to identify between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about how to implement proxy servers, you can refer to our guide on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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