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An proxy or proxy server is a program that sits acting as an intermediary for a client and server via the internet. Without proxy, a user will send a request to resources directly the server, and the server would provide that resource to its user directly. While this is a simple method to grasp and use but using proxies has advantages, such as increased performance, privacy and security, and much more. As an additional layer moving through, proxies serve as a guardian to the internet between servers and clients.

It is generally accepted that the bundled system of server hardware along with the software used to install proxy services is often referred to as proxy servers. But, this article will concentrate on the proxy servers that are usually described in terms of software as well as those used together with web servers. We will present a summary of the two primary types of proxies: the one that is forward and a reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage, which can be confusing due to the same terminology.

This article will provide you with an idea of the how proxies work and what their subtypes are, and their value in a variety of configurations. After reading this article, you'll understand what situations in which a proxy is useful, and choose the best option for forward or reverse proxy, based on the circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy, also referred to in the context of open proxy. An open proxy serves as a representative for a client that attempts to send an online request to an source server. In this case, the whole attempt to send requests from the client will rather be controlled by the forward proxy. A forward-proxy, acting in its place as the customer will scrutinize the request. It will first verify if the client has been authorized to transmit requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then deny a request and forward it to the source server. The client does not have direct access to the internet. It can access only the information that the forward proxy permits it access to.

A common use case of forward proxies is greater security or privacy on the internet. A forward proxy is connected to internet in place of a client and during this process it is using an alternative IP address to the client's original IP address.

Based on how it is configured according to the way it was configured, a forward proxy could provide a variety of functions depending on how it is configured, which allows you to:

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  Do not be a victim of ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Determine the restrictions that are based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized in systems of centralized security and permission -based access, like in workplaces. When all internet traffic is routed through an common forward proxy, an administrator can limit access to a specific set of users to the internet, which is filtered by a common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer that can comprise a variety of computers with diverse environments and users, there is the possibility to set up a firewall at the forward proxy layer.

It is crucial to keep in mind to remember that forward proxy servers must be manually set up to use, whereas reverse proxies are often not noticed by clients. Depending on the type of IP address of the client, it is sent to the server that created it via forward proxy's privacy and security can be granted or kept in the dark.

There are many alternatives to consider for forward proxies:

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  Apache The most well-known open source web server with forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open source web server that has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't come with a complete Web server app. You can read our instructions on how to configure Squid proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP which makes it more suited to use in instances such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to setup an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary for a web server, which handles incoming requests by clients on behalf of. Web servers can consist of a single server, or several servers. It could also include an application server, such as Gunicorn. In either scenario the request is made by an internet user generally. Most of the time, requests will get transmitted directly to the web server which has all the resources the client is requires. Contrarily reverse proxy functions as an intermediary that isolates Web server from direct interaction with the internet.

From the consumer's point of view, interacting with reverse proxy is not any different from using an internet server direct. It's the same thing however the user cannot see the difference. The client requests the resource, and receives it without additional configuration needed to be performed by the customer.

Reverse proxies offer features like:

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  A centralized layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic that is inbound on rules that you set up.
  
  
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  A new feature for caching is now available.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this only to the server layer but not to the client layer. Instead of establishing firewalls on Web server layers that can include multiple servers and various configurations, most firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, the ease of interacting with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients that are not web servers permits the firewall to concentrate on meeting the requirements of their clients.

In the event of multiple servers operating within reverse proxy, it determines which requests are sent to which servers. Many web servers may be operating on the same server, providing various kinds of services or a mix of the two. These servers use the HTTP protocol, which is similar to a traditional web server. However, they could also be equipped with other protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy settings to direct the clients towards specific servers based on the kind of resource they're looking for, or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies are also able to gain advantages from their positioning prior to web servers, through providing caching functionality. Large static assets are able to be set up with caching rules so that they do not have to connect with web servers for every request. Some solutions offering an option to serve static assets directly without having to connect to the web server even once. In addition, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these assets.

The popular Nginx web server also functions as a reliable reverse proxy option. While it is real that the Apache website server also equipped with a reverse proxy, it is a different option to Apache however Nginx was designed originally for and focuses on the reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Examples

Since "forward" and "reverse" come with connotations of directionality and inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic and could be confusing because both types of proxy services process requests and respond. An alternative approach to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy service is to think about the requirements of the app that you're developing.

A reverse proxy is useful in the case of designing a system to provide web-based solutions on the internet. They serve as your servers for any interaction with the Internet.

Forward proxy software is advantageous when placed in front of the client for your personal usage and in the professional setting. They are your client's representative whenever you use the internet.

Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing on common naming conventions can assist you in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

This article defined what a proxy is along with two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of useful features were utilized to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about the implementation of proxies we recommend you read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a reverse proxy on Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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