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A proxy is is also known as a proxy server software which serves as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without proxy servers, users could send a request to resources directly to a server and servers would provide requests directly for the resource requested by the client. It is an easy procedure to understand and utilize, proxy servers can result in benefits like enhanced performance and privacy, security and much more. As an additional pass-through layer they serve as a security barrier on the internet between servers and clients.

Generally speaking, the bundled set of server hardware along with installed proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers which are typically understood as software, and as when referring to web servers. The article will offer an explanation of the two main types of proxy servers, which include a forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the identical namesake convention.

This article will give you an understanding of types of proxy services, what their subtypes are, as well as the ways they can be helpful for setups that are common. If you read the article carefully, you'll be able to recognize situations where it is beneficial to use a proxy and decide on the appropriate choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy in any circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy also referred to as the open proxy is the agent of the client, in making an internet-based request to the server which made it. In this situation any attempts to send requests by the user will be directed direct through the forward proxy. In this situation the forward proxy acting in the client's stead, will scrutinize the request. It will first decide if the client can make requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it can either refuse requests or redirect it to the server that originally made the request. The client isn't capable of having an internet connection directly. It is only able to access what the forward proxy allows the client to access.

The most common reason to use forward proxies is to improve privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy utilizes the internet in lieu of an individual client and, in doing so it could make use of an alternative IP address in place of the primary IP address of the client.

Depending on how it's been setup, forward proxy may offer a variety of features and let you:

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  Beware of ads that track you.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions based on the place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies may also be employed in systems that offer centralized security and access based on permissions, for instance in a workplace. If all internet traffic is routed through a common front proxy, the administrator is able to permit only a few clients online access using an ordinary firewall. Instead of having firewalls set up at the client layer which can involve many machines with different settings and users, you can put the firewall configured the front proxy layer.

Take note that forward proxies must be manually set up for their use, whereas reverse proxies can be ignored by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is passed to the original server via the forward proxy security and privacy can be granted or not.

There are a number of alternatives to look into for forward proxies:

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  Apache is a well-known open-source web server, that offers forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver, which includes forward proxy functionality.
  
  
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  Squid: A free and open source forward proxy which uses an HTTP protocol. The option does not include an entire website server program. Learn more from our guide on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante: a forward proxy that runs on the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP in order to be more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer connections. You may also want to learn how to create a Dante proxy that allows private connections to Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy is an agent for the web server, taking care of incoming requests from clients on behalf of. The web server could comprise one server or several servers. Furthermore, it could function as an app server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations a request could come from a user via the web at large. In the majority of cases it is transmitted directly to the web server that hosts the information that the user is seeking. A reverse proxy is a intermediary to isolate Web servers and prevent direct communication with the internet's public.

From a consumer's point of view from a client's perspective, using a reverse proxy is no the same as working with a web servers in direct contact. It's basically the same thing, however clients aren't able distinguish between the two. Client makes request for the resource and it then gets it without any additional configuration needed from the user.

Reverse proxies provide features like:

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  A centralized layer of security that protects the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic that is inbound according to rules that you can set up.
  
  
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  New feature added to caching.
  
  

Although central security is a benefit for both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this feature to that layer that is on the webserver, and not the client layer. Instead of coordinating firewalls on the server level which may comprise multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and interfacing with client requests via web servers enables the firewall to concentrate on providing the resources.

In the case of multiple servers that are in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also determines which requests are directed to which server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the same content, providing different kinds of services or a mix of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol exactly the same way as a traditional web server. However, they can be equipped with applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to route users to a specific server based on the service they require, or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies can benefit from being placed prior to web servers through the capability of storing data. Massive static resources can be configured with caching rules to avoid having to call web servers on every request. There are some solutions even allowing users to serve static content directly without touching the server once. Additionally reverse proxy can handle the compression of these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server also functions as an effective reverse proxy option. While Apache has a reverse proxy option but the Apache web server also comes outfitted with a reverse proxy feature as an additional feature for Apache unlike Nginx was originally designed to and is focused on reverse proxy features.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Situations

Due to the fact that "forward" or "reverse" have connotations of directionality, as well as misleading comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic The labels could be confusing as both kinds of proxies deal with requests and responses. The best way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies is to examine the needs of the app you're creating.

Reverse proxy is an effective tool when you're creating a solution for serving applications on the web via the internet. They act as your web servers whenever you interact on the internet.

A forward proxy can be helpful when it is displayed before clients for your personal use or in a professional context. They are a representation of your client's traffic for any online interaction.

The practice of separating by use case rather than focussing on similar naming conventions will assist you in making sure that there is no confusion.

Conclusion

This article explains the meaning of a proxy, with two types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical application scenarios and an examination of the beneficial attributes were used to determine forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you'd like to explore implementation of proxies we recommend you read our guide on how to set up Nginx for use as an online server as well as reverse proxy to Apache in the Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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