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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy or proxy server. It is an application that acts acting as a mediator between server and client via the internet. Without a proxy, a user would make a request to any service straight to the server, and it would serve the requested resource directly back to the user. It's not hard to comprehend and implement, the addition of proxies offers advantages in the form of increased efficiency, privacy, security, and much more. As a pass-through layer proxy services serve as a security barrier on the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the collection of hardware used by servers and proxy software installed is commonly referred to as proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxy servers that are typically described as software as well as the ones used together with web servers. The article will offer a description of the two main types of proxy servers, specifically the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own terminology that could be confusing because of the overlap in terminology.




This article will give you an idea of the nature of proxies and their subtypes and their value in the typical settings. If you read this article, you'll be able to discern the scenarios where an effective proxy is advantageous, and decide on the best option for you between reverse proxy and forward proxy, in any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words forward proxy also referred to as or an open proxy is an agent for a user who is trying to send requests online to a source server. In this scenario, every attempt to send requests made by the client will rather be directed by this forward proxy. In this scenario, the forward proxy acting on behalf of the client will examine the request. At the beginning, it will decide whether clients are authorized send requests to this particular forward proxy. It will then either deny requests or redirect it to its origin server. The client is not able to have direct connection to the internet; it is only able to access what the forward proxy permits it to connect to.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxies is for more privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy connects to the internet on behalf of the individual client. And when it does this, it may utilize an IP address distinct from the IP address of the client.




Depending on the method by which it's configured, a forward proxy can provide a variety of capabilities, including the capability to:




Beware of ads-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be utilized in systems that provide central security as well as access based on permissions, such as, in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy layer, administrators can restrict only a small number of users connection to internet that is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls for the client layer, which can be used by multiple computer that have different configurations, users, a firewall can be put in this forward proxy layer.




Keep in mind the fact that forward proxy servers have to be manually configured before they can be used and reverse proxies can be disregarded by clients. Based on whether or not the IP address of the client is transmitted to the origin server through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept secret.




There are a variety of choices to consider for forward proxies.




Apache The Apache is a well-known open-source web server which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source webserver that comes with forward proxy capability.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't have the full web-based server. Check out our guide on the most efficient method to install Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs on the SOCKS protocol, instead of HTTP this makes it better to handle situations like peer-to-peer communication. You can also research how to set up Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an agent for a web server and manages requests received from clients on behalf of the server. This web server can serve as a one server or multiple servers. It can also comprise an application server, like Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios a request could be made by a user of the internet in general. In most cases, the request will be sent directly to the server on the internet that has the information the client wants. A reverse proxy is a intermediary, separating the web server from direct interaction with the internet's open.




From the point of view of the client, interacting with reverse proxy isn't different from the interaction with an internet server direct. It's the same thing but the client doesn't see the distinction. The client requests the resource, and is then provided with it, without any further configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Security centralized on webservers.


Incoming traffic is directed based upon rules that you can establish.


Additional functions to cache data.




Central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxies, reverse proxies provide this benefit to the layer on the webserver and not to the client layer. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls at the server level which may include multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security could be directed at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, removing the responsibility of communicating with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients off web servers allows the firewall to focus on providing resources.




If there are multiple servers operating in a reverse proxy the reverse proxy could be also responsible for directing what requests go towards which servers. Multiple web servers could be operating within the same system, serving different types of resources or a mixture of both. These servers utilize the HTTP protocol to serve as a normal web server. However, they can be equipped with applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can create a reverse proxy to route the clients towards specific servers in accordance with the resource requested or to follow certain rules regarding the traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to take advantage of their location prior to web servers using caching functions. Large static assets can be configured using caching rules to avoid hitting web servers every request. Certain options that let you serve static content directly, without needing to connect to the web server in any way. Additionally the reverse proxy is capable of handling compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as an effective reverse proxy option. Even though Apache is also a reverse proxy service, this Apache webserver also comes with reverse proxy functionality, it can be a second option for Apache however Nginx was initially designed for and concentrates specifically on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and false connections with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic the names could be confusing because both types of proxies can manage both requests and responses. Better yet, the best method of separating reverse and forward proxy services is to consider the requirements of the app that you are developing.




A reverse proxy could be beneficial when you're developing a solution to serve web-based applications via the internet. They act as your web server in all interactions on the Internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is used before clients for personal use or in a professional setting. They represent your clients in all interactions via the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on similar naming conventions can assist you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what a "proxy" is with the two types that are the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical scenarios for its use as well as an examination of the advantageous characteristics were used to define different types of proxy that are reverse and forward. If you're interested exploring how to implement proxies you can read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy on Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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