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proxy, also referred to as proxy, also known as proxy or proxy server, is a server software that sits acting as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. With no intermediary a user would make a request to purchase an item straight to the server, and servers would then serve the resource directly back to the client. While this is a simple method to grasp and use, adding proxies offers advantages such as increased performance, privacy, security and more. As a pass-through layer proxy is a gatekeeper for the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking it is the bundled set of server hardware that includes proxy software is often called proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically understood as software, as well as those that are used to complement web servers. We will present a summary of the two types that are available, which is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own use case, and is often misunderstood because of the same terminology.




This article will provide you with an understanding of types of proxy services and what their subtypes are, as well as how they are useful in common configurations. Through this article, you will be able to recognize the scenarios where you could benefit from a proxy, and identify the most suitable choice between reverse and forward proxy for any particular situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, sometimes called open proxy, also known as open proxy is an agent used by a user who wishes to transmit a request over the internet to an the server which originated it. In this scenario it is the scenario that all requests sent by the client should be sent directly to the forward proxy. This forward proxy in position of the customer, will review the request. In the beginning, it will determine whether the client is able to handle requests through this specific forward proxy. It then decides whether to decide whether to reject requests or redirect them to the source server. The client doesn't have a an internet connection directly; it can only access the information that the forward proxy gives it access to.




The most common reason for using forward proxy services is to increase security or privacy online. A forward proxy can be used to browse the internet instead of clients. In the process, it will use an alternative IP address to the original IP address utilized by the client.




Based on the way it has been configured according to the way it was set up forward proxy can provide you with a variety of features as well as the ability to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your geographic location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems to provide central security and access to users based on their permissions, for instance in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer an administrator is able to restrict access to certain individuals to access the web. This is filtered by a common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place on the client layer that could comprise a variety of devices that are different in terms of user and environments, a firewall could be placed in the intermediate layer.




Remember that forward proxies have to be manually setup before they can be used for use in a reverse proxy, whereas forward proxy's are able to be noticed by the user. Depending on whether your IP address the user is transmitted to the server which originated it via the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a variety of possibilities to consider when it comes to forward proxy options:




Apache A well-known, open-source web server with forward proxy functionality.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for hosting websites with forward proxy capability.


Squid: A free forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not a complete web-based server. Take a look at our tutorial on how to set up Squid proxy so that it allows private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP to ensure it is more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to know how to create a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as a representative of the web server which takes care of any requests that come in from clients on its behalf. The web server could represent a single or multiple servers. Additionally, it can serve as an application server such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, the request for an application comes from a user on the internet. Most of the time the request will be sent directly to the web server that hosts the data the client is seeking. Contrarily reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to isolate Web servers from direct contact with the internet's open.




From a perspective of the person's perspective, working with reverse proxy is not anything different than working with a Web server in direct communication. It is functionally the same as the web server and the client cannot tell the distinction. The client can make a request for the resource and it is then provided with it without any additional configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxy proxies provide certain features, such as:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Directing incoming traffic based on rules you set.


Added functionality for caching.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse-proxies provide this function to their web server layer and not the client layer. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls in the layer of web servers which may contain multiple servers that are configured differently, most of the firewall security is targeted on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, the elimination of the responsibility to interact with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients via web servers allows them to concentrate entirely on meeting the requirements of their customers.




If there are multiple servers running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy could be also responsible for the direction of the requests that are directed to which server. There could be multiple web servers serving the same resource, each one offering a different type of resources or a combination of the two. They can use the HTTP protocol to operate as a standard internet server, but they can include protocols used by applications like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy in order redirecting visitors to a particular server based on the type of resource they're looking for, or to adhere to specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to make use of their positioning before web servers by delivering the capacity of caching. Large static assets can be in a position to be set up using caching rules that prevent them from hitting web servers on every request. There are options that offer the possibility of providing static files without having to connect with the server on any manner. Additionally, the reverse proxy will manage the compression of these files.




The renowned Nginx web server is also a popular reverse proxy option. Even though Apache is also a reverse proxy option however, the Apache web server is equipped with a reverse proxy function, it is a different feature that is part of Apache but Nginx was designed originally for and geared towards the reverse proxy function.



The distinction between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, they also create inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, they can cause confusion since both kinds of proxies can manage requests and responses. The best method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies is to look at the requirements of the app you're creating.




Reverse proxy is useful when designing an application that connects web-based applications on the internet. They act as your servers when you are on the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are put in front of the client for your personal use, or even in a working environment. They act as your client's proxy every time you connect to the internet.




Differentiating by case of use instead of focusing on similar names will ensure that you do not get confused.



Conclusion



This article defined what a proxy is with two types, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of beneficial features were used to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how to implement proxy services, be sure to check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet server as well as reverse proxy on Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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