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proxy or proxy is often referred to as a proxy server a software that sits acting as an intermediary between client and server via the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users could send a request for any service directly from the server and then the server would deliver an item directly for the requester. This method is simple to understand and use, however, the addition of proxy servers may provide benefits in terms of more speed, privacy and security, and much more. In addition to providing a layer of security the proxy also acts as a gatekeeper to the internet, separating clients and servers.




It is generally accepted that the combination of server hardware and the software for proxy installation is often referred as proxy servers. In this article, we will focus on proxies traditionally classified as software, and in connection with web server. We will provide a description of the two primary types of proxies. These are the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each one has its own use scenario that is often confused due to the overlap in names.




This article will provide you with the knowledge of what proxies and their subtypes are and the ways they can be useful in a range of configurations. Through this article, you'll learn to identify situations in which a proxy is beneficial, and then make the best choice between forward and reverse proxy in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also referred to by the name of open proxy. An open proxy is a proxy for a user trying to send a request through the internet to a source server. In this case, every attempt to send requests made by the user will be handled by an forward proxy. Forward proxy in place of the client will review the request. It first decides if the client has been granted permission to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it'll either deny requests or redirect them to the server that originated it. It's not able directly connect to the internet. It can only access what the forward proxy enables the forward proxy to connect.




The most common reason for using forward proxy is the need for greater privacy or security when online. The forward proxy is connected to Internet as a "client" and through this manner, it connects an alternative IP address to the IP address of your client.




Based on the way it has been configured based on the configuration forward proxy can provide a variety of functions which allow you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that give central security as well as access permissions, such as in the workplace. Internet traffic can be routed via an open forward proxy, administrators can grant access only to a specific group of individuals to access the web, which is filtered by the common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on this layer of client, which may be utilized by a variety of computers with different environments and types of users. A firewall may be located within this forward proxy layer.




It is important to know that forward proxy servers have to be manually setup for their use, however reverse proxy servers will not be noticed by users. Depending on whether an IP address from the client is sent to the origin server via forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or kept secret.




There are a variety of alternatives to think about in the case of forward proxy services.




Apache is a well-known open-source web server that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server with forward proxy functionality.


Squid: A free and open source forward proxy which utilizes the HTTP protocol. It isn't part of the complete web server. We have a step-by-step guide to set up Squid proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and is ideal for scenarios such as peer-to-peer connections. You can also look at how you can install a Dante proxy that allows private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to a web server that handles the incoming requests of clients in its place. The server could function as a single server or a number of servers. It could also contain an application server like Gunicorn. In any case it is possible to get an inquiry from a client via the web at large. In most cases, the request would be sent directly to the website server hosting the data the client wants. Instead, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary in order to block your website server from communicating with the internet's users.




From the point of view that is from a user's perspective, interacting via reverse proxy isn't any different from connecting to the server in its own. It's functionally the same as an internet server. The client is unable discern the difference. Clients can request the resource, and is then provided with it, without any extra configuration required by the user.




Reverse proxies grant features like:




Security centralized for web servers.


The direction of traffic that is incoming based on rules you can make.


Added functionality for caching.




While centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse-proxies perform this service to the web server layer but not the layer of clients. instead of maintaining firewalls on the layer of web servers, which could comprise multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated on the layer of reverse proxy. Furthermore, removing the obligation of interfacing with firewalls and responding to requests from clients without web servers lets them concentrate on addressing the needs of their clients.




If there are multiple servers hosted by reverse proxy the reverse proxy is responsible for directing the requests towards which servers. Multiple servers may be offering the identical service, however each providing different types of resources, or perhaps a mix of both. They can use the HTTP protocol similar to a traditional web server however, they could also be outfitted with protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to redirect clients to an individual server based on the resource requested or to follow certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxy solutions can also benefit from their positioning on top of web servers through the caching feature. Large static files can be arranged using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers with every request. Some solutions even allowing the server to serve static files directly without connecting to a web server in any way. Additionally reverse proxy has the ability to compress these files.




The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a popular reverse proxy solution. Although it is certain that Apache web server does have reverse proxy function, it's a different option for Apache and not the default option. Nginx was originally designed to focus on the reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" and "reverse" are both associated with the perception of directionality, and inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic. These terms can be confusing since each type of proxy handles both requests and replies. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy services is to take into account the needs of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is an essential aspect when developing a solution to deliver web applications to the internet. They serve as your web servers for any interaction on the internet.




Forward proxy applications can be advantageous when put in front of customers for personal use or even in a working environment. They can be used to represent the client's activity as you interact on the internet.




A case-based approach to differentiation rather than focusing exclusively on naming conventions that are commonplace can ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



The article outlined what is a "proxy" is and the two primary types of them being the reverse and forward proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the beneficial features was used to distinguish forward proxies as well as reverse proxy. If you're considering how to set up proxies, read our guide on how to set up Nginx as a webserver and reverse proxy to Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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