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A proxy is also known as an application called a proxy, serves in the role of an intermediary server and client on the internet. With no proxy in place, a client could submit a request for a source directly through a server, and the server would serve the resource directly back to the user. Although this method is easy to grasp and implement, adding proxies offers advantages such as increased performance and security, privacy, and much more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet between clients and servers.

In general, the mixture of the server's hardware and installed proxy software is often referred too as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies that are traditionally classified as software when referring to web servers. This article will present the full description of two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own usage scenario, and is frequently misunderstood because of the identical terms.

This article will provide you with details on what proxy services and subtypes, as well as how they work with a range of configurations. After reading this article, you will be able to identify the situations in which using proxies can be advantageous and pick the most appropriate solution between forward and reverse proxy in any given scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy, sometimes referred to as an open proxy is a proxy for a user who wishes to send an internet request to an the server that originated it. In this case, the entire effort to send requests from the user will be transmitted through the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting instead of the client, will look at the request. Then, it determines whether the user is authorised to transmit requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides to reject any request, or forward it to the server that originated it. The client is not able to have direct connection to the internet. It can access only what forward proxy permits it access to.

One of the most popular uses for forward proxies is increased privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy allows access to the internet on behalf of a client, and in this way, it could utilize an alternative IP address to the IP address that was originally used by the client.

Depending on how it has been configured, based on the way it is configured forward proxy could provide you with different features based on how it is configured it, allowing you to:

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  Don't fall victim of ad-tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Recognize the restrictions based on your geographical location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized for security systems which are centralized and also for access based on permissions in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows via an open forward proxy an administrator is able to grant just a handful of users access to the internet filtered by the standard firewall. Instead of creating firewalls on the server layer which can comprise a variety of computers with various environments and users, a firewall could be installed at this intermediate layer of forward proxy.

It is important to remember that forward proxy servers must be manually set up to use, whereas reverse proxies can not be detected by the user. Based on the type of IP address of the user, they are transferred to the server from which it originated through the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.

There are numerous possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxies.

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  Apache A well-known open source web server, which offers forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another widely used open-source web server with capability to use forward proxy.
  
  
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  Squid: A no-cost forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the complete web server. You can read our article on how to create Squid proxy to connect privately on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is forward proxy which makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP making it more suitable for use instances such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also check out how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy is an intermediary for a web server, which handles any requests that come in from clients on its behalf. The web server could comprise a server, or multiple servers. Also, it could become an application-server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios the request will come via the web at large. In the majority of cases, the request will be sent directly to the webserver with the resources that the user seeks. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating the webserver from direct communications with the open internet.

From the point of view of the user, the experience of interacting with reverse proxy isn't different than communicating with an internet server directly. It's essentially the same but the client can't be able to discern the difference. The client asks for an item and receives it, without any extra configuration required on the part of the client.

Reverse proxies offer features like:

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  Centralized security to web server.
  
  
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  The direction of traffic coming in according to rules you have set.
  
  
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  New functionality added for caching.
  
  

While centralized security can be an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers. Reverse proxy servers provide this benefit only to the layer that is the webserver and not to clients. Instead of maintaining firewalls in the layer of web servers, that could include multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk in firewall protection is aimed to the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the responsibility of working with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients through web servers allows them to focus solely on addressing the requirements of their clients.

In the case of multiple servers using reverse-proxies, the reverse proxy also handles the direction of which requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers could be operating on the same server, providing various kinds of resources or a mix of the two. They may use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server, however they may also be able to be equipped with protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers that redirect visitors to specific server based on the service you request, or to specific rules pertaining to the load of traffic.

Reverse proxies also gain from their placement on top of web servers as they offer caching capabilities. Massive static files can be set up by using caching rules in order to avoid needing to connect with web servers for each request. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static files without having to communicate with the webserver for even one time. Furthermore, the reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.

The popular Nginx web server is also used as a highly regarded reverse proxy option. While Apache is also a reverse proxy solution however, the Apache web server also has reverse proxy capabilities, however, it's a separate feature available to Apache as opposed to Nginx was originally designed to and focuses upon the feature of reverse proxy.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use The Case

Because "forward" and "reverse" are ascribed to the notion of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy services handle the processing of requests as well as responses. The best method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to take into account the requirements of the app that you are developing.

A reverse proxy is useful in the development of a solution to offer web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers in any interaction with the internet.

Forward proxy are beneficial when they are put in front of users either for personal use or in the workplace. They serve as a representation of your client's traffic when you use the internet.

The practice of segregating by use case instead of just focusing on the most standard naming conventions can help make sure that you don't get confused.

Conclusion

This article explains the meaning of a proxy using the two main kinds, namely reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of how to use them as well as a review of the beneficial features was used to differentiate forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're keen to learn more about the possibilities of proxies, you can read our guide for configuring Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy in Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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