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A proxy is is also known as an application called a proxy server that serves as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without the need for a proxy, a user could submit a request to resources directly to a server, and servers would serve the requested resource directly to the user. Although this may be a straightforward process to grasp and use proxy servers can result in benefits like enhanced performance, privacy, security, and much more. As an additional layer of pass-through proxy servers serve as a security barrier on the internet between clients and servers.

In general, the integrated combination of server hardware and installed proxy software is often called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers which are generally referred to as software as in the context of web servers. The article will offer details of the two types that are forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the identical namesake convention.

This article will provide an idea of what proxy services and their subtypes are, as well as how they are helpful for setups that are common. After reading this article, you'll discern the scenarios where it is beneficial to use proxy services and make the right choice between forward and reverse proxy, in any situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy sometimes known in the context of the open proxy is the representative of the client trying to send an internet-based request to the server which made it. In this scenario any attempts to send requests by the user are instead routed direct to the forward proxy. In this situation the forward proxy, on behalf of the client will review the request. It first will determine if the client can make requests via this specific forward proxy. It will then either deny requests or redirect them to the server that originally made the request. The client isn't able to have directly access to internet. It has access to only what the forward proxy allows the client to access.

The primary reason for people to make use of forward proxy servers is to improve privacy or anonymity on internet. A forward proxy uses the internet to replace an individual client and, in doing so it can use an alternative IP address to the original IP address that is used by the client.

Depending on how it's been configured the forward proxy will offer a range of features and allow you to:

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  Stay clear of tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Determine restrictions based on location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also employed in systems that offer centralized security and access that is based upon permissions, like at work. If all traffic on the internet flows through a common forward proxy layer, an administrator can grant only a small number of clients online access via an common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the client layer, which can involve many machines with varying settings and users you can have an firewall installed on the front proxy layer.

Be aware that forward proxy servers require manual setup for the use of these proxies and reverse proxies are able to be ignored by clients. Based on the type of IP address of the client is transmitted to the origin server via forward proxy security and privacy can be granted or left transparent.

There are a number of alternatives to look into for forward proxies.

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  Apache is a well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver which has forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: An open source forward proxy which utilizes an HTTP protocol. It does not come with an the complete Web server software. We have a tutorial on how to set up Squid proxy to enable private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy that runs the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP in order to be more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer connections. You may also want to understand how to set up a Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy is an agent for the web server, taking care of incoming requests from clients on its behalf. This web server may include an individual server or a number of servers. Additionally, it can function as an app server, for instance, Gunicorn. In any of these situations the request will come from a user via the web at large. In the majority of cases, this request is sent directly to the website server that hosts the information that the user is requesting. A reverse proxy serves as a middleman to isolate Web servers from direct communication with the internet's public.

From a consumer's point viewpoint from the perspective of a client, using reverse proxy isn't anything different than working with a web servers in direct contact. It's basically the same, but clients aren't able distinguish between the two. Client makes request for the resource and it gets it, without any additional configuration needed for the end user.

Reverse proxies provide features like:

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  A central layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic coming inbound on rules you can define.
  
  
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  New feature added to caching.
  
  

Central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy servers provide this feature to that layer on the webserver and not the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at the server level, which could contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of security for firewalls is centered on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients off of web servers enables the firewall to focus on providing the necessary resources.

In the case of multiple servers that are within a reverse proxy the reverse proxy also takes care of directing which requests go at the server. There may be several web servers providing the same content, offering various kinds of services, or a mix of both. They could use the HTTP protocol in the same way as a traditional web server. However, they could also be able to use application server protocols such as FastCGI. It is possible to configure a reverse proxy to send visitors to specific server depending on the service they require or to follow specific rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also benefit from their position before web servers by providing the capability to store data. The large static files can be configured using caching rules to prevent having to contact web servers for every request. Some solutions allowing you to serve static content directly without having to connect to the web server for even one time. Furthermore the reverse proxy is able to handle compression for these files.

The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a powerful reverse proxy service. Although Apache can also be a reverse proxy solution but the Apache web server is fitted with an reverse proxy option as an added option for Apache unlike Nginx was initially developed for and focuses on reverse proxy features.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Situations

Due to the fact that "forward" and "reverse" come with connotations of directionality as well as inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing since both types of proxies deal with the process of responding to requests. The most effective way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies is to examine the needs of the app you're creating.

Reverse proxy is an effective tool when you're developing a solution to serve web-based applications via the internet. Reverse proxy servers represent your website whenever you interact on the web.

A forward proxy can be helpful when it is displayed before clients for personal use or in a professional environment. They serve as a representation of your client's traffic for any internet-based interaction.

The practice of segregating by use case rather than focussing on similar names will help in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

This article explains the meaning of a proxy, with two types being the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for application and the exploration of attributes that are beneficial were used to distinguish forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you'd like to explore the implementation of proxies, you can learn how to set up Nginx to act as an Internet server and reverse proxy to Apache in an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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