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A proxy is also known as an application called a proxy server that serves as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without the use of a proxy, a user could send a request to servers directly and servers would provide requests directly for the resource requested by the client. Although this may be a straightforward procedure to comprehend and use, the addition of proxies can bring benefits such as enhanced performance as well as privacy, security and much more. As a pass-through layer, proxies serve as a security barrier on the internet between clients and servers.

In general, the integrated combination of server hardware and installed proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically understood as software, as well as in the context of web servers. This article will give details of the two main types that are forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each has its own application, and is frequently confused due to the identical namesake convention.

This article will provide an idea of what proxy services and their subtypes are, and how they are beneficial for the common setups. If you read this article, you'll discern the scenarios where it is beneficial to use the proxy service and determine the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy in any circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy, also known as an open proxy is the client's representative trying to make an online request to the server that made it. In this scenario any attempts to send requests by the user will be directed straight via the forward proxy. In this case the forward proxy acting instead of the client will examine the request. It will first decide if this client is able to send requests through this particular forward proxy. Then, it can either reject requests or redirect them to the server it originated from. The client isn't able to have an internet connection directly. It is only able to access what the forward proxy allows the client to access.

The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is to gain greater privacy or anonymity on internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet to replace an individual client, and in this way it could utilize an alternate IP address to the original IP address that is used by the client.

Based on the way it's set up the forward proxy will provide a variety of functions and let you:

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  Stay clear of tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Determine restrictions based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide central security and access based on permissions, such as at work. If all traffic on the internet flows through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator can allow only a small number of clients connection to internet via an common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the client layer, that could include a variety of machines that have different settings and users it is possible to put a firewall set up at on an intermediary layer.

Take note that forward proxies must be manually set up in order to permit them to be used and reverse proxies are able to be omitted by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of the client is sent to the source server via the forward proxy privacy and security can be granted or left transparent.

There are a number of alternatives to look into for forward proxy options:

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  Apache is an incredibly well-known open source web server, that offers forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver which has forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Squid: A free and open source forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. The option does not include an entire website server program. You can read our tutorial on how you can install Squid proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante: a forward proxy that runs on the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP in order to be more to work in situations like peer-to-peer connections. You might also wish to know how to build the Dante proxy that allows private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as an agent for a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf. The web server could comprise one server or several servers. Additionally, it can function as an application server, like Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios a request could come from a user via the internet at large. The majority of the time, this request is sent directly to the server that hosts the information that the user wants. Reverse proxy is a intermediary to separate Web servers and prevent direct contact with the internet's public.

From a consumer's point viewpoint from the perspective of a client using reverse proxy is not any different from working with the Web server directly. It's functionally the same but the client can't distinguish between the two. The client requests the resource and it then gets it, with no extra configuration required by the client.

Reverse proxies provide features like:

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  A central layer of security that guards the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic coming inbound on rules that you can set up.
  
  
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  New caching functionality has been added.
  
  

Central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy servers provide this benefit to the layer on the webserver rather than the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at the server level which may comprise multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is placed in the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients off of web servers allows firewalls to focus on providing the resources.

If there are multiple servers in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also is responsible for directing which requests are directed to which server. There could be multiple web servers offering identical content, supplying various kinds of services, or a mixture of both. They could use the HTTP protocol similar to an ordinary web server. However, they could be equipped with protocol for application servers like FastCGI. There is the possibility to set up reverse proxy servers to route visitors to specific server depending on the service requested or to comply with certain rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies also benefit from their position ahead of web servers, by offering the capability to store data. Massive static resources can be set up with caching rules to avoid needing to connect with web servers on every request. Some solutions allowing you to serve static files directly without having to connect to the web server even once. Additionally the reverse proxy is able to handle the compression on these resources.

The renowned Nginx web server can also function as an effective reverse proxy service. While Apache is also a reverse proxy option but the Apache web server is outfitted with a reverse proxy function as an added option for Apache unlike Nginx was initially designed for and is focused on reverse proxy functions.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Situations

Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality, as well as inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic The labels could be confusing because both types of proxies deal with requests and responses. The best method to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies is to examine the requirements of the app you're creating.

Reverse proxy is an effective tool when you are designing a solution to deliver applications on the web via the internet. Reverse proxy servers represent your website whenever you interact on the web.

A forward proxy is helpful when placed in front of customers for your own usage or in a professional environment. They serve as a representation of your client's traffic for any online interaction.

The practice of segregating by use case rather than focusing on the similar names will help in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

This article will explain the significance of a proxy that has two types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for application and an exploration of beneficial attributes were used to determine forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the use of proxy servers we recommend you follow our tutorial on how you can configure Nginx to act as an Internet server and reverse proxy for Apache using Ubuntu 20.04 Server. Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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